what are presentation layer protocols

• Awards Season
• Big Stories
• Pop Culture
• Video Games
• Celebrities

How Secure Is Your Gmail Account? A Quick Guide on Sign-in Protocols

Gmail is one of the most popular email services in the world, with over 1.5 billion active users. With such a large user base, it’s no wonder that Google takes security seriously when it comes to sign-in protocols. In this article, we’ll take a look at how secure your Gmail account really is and what you need to know about sign-in protocols.

In Protocols?

Before we dive into the security of your Gmail account, let’s first define what sign-in protocols are. Sign-in protocols are a set of rules and procedures that determine how users log in and access their accounts. These protocols ensure that only authorized users can access an account and protect against unauthorized access.

How Does Gmail Protect Your Account?

When it comes to protecting your Gmail account, Google uses several layers of security measures to ensure that only you can access your email. First and foremost, Google requires a strong password for each account. Additionally, Google uses two-factor authentication (2FA) to provide an extra layer of security.

With 2FA, you’ll need to enter a verification code sent via text message or generated by an app after entering your password. This means that even if someone else has your password, they won’t be able to log in without also having access to your phone or the app generating the code.

Google also monitors each login attempt for suspicious activity. If something seems off – say you’re logging in from an unfamiliar device or location – Google may ask for additional verification before allowing you into your account.

What Should You Do To Ensure Your Account Is Secure?

While Google takes many steps on their end to keep your Gmail account secure, there are things you can do as well to ensure maximum protection. First and foremost is using a strong password – one that’s at least 8 characters long and includes a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.

Next, enable two-factor authentication on your account. This extra layer of security provides an additional safeguard against unauthorized access.

Finally, be mindful of where you’re logging into your Gmail account. Avoid using public computers or unsecured Wi-Fi networks to access your email. If you need to log in from an unfamiliar device or location, be sure to verify that it’s really you with Google’s additional verification steps.

In conclusion, Google takes the security of Gmail accounts seriously. With strong sign-in protocols in place and extra layers of security like 2FA and suspicious activity monitoring, you can feel confident that your email is safe from prying eyes. However, it’s important to do your part as well by using a strong password and avoiding insecure login situations. By working together with Google, you can ensure maximum protection for your Gmail account.

This text was generated using a large language model, and select text has been reviewed and moderated for purposes such as readability.

MORE FROM ASK.COM

• Engineering Mathematics
• Discrete Mathematics
• Operating System
• Computer Networks
• Digital Logic and Design
• C Programming
• Data Structures
• Theory of Computation
• Compiler Design
• Computer Org and Architecture
• Write an Interview Experience
• Share Your Campus Experience
• Computer Network Tutorial

Basics of Computer Network

• Basics of Computer Networking
• Introduction to basic Networking Terminology
• Goals of Networks
• Basic characteristics of Computer Networks
• Challenges of Computer Network
• Physical Components of Computer Network

Network Hardware and Software

• Types of Computer Networks
• LAN Full Form
• How to Set Up a LAN Network?
• MAN Full Form in Computer Networking
• MAN Full Form
• WAN Full Form
• Introduction of Internetworking
• Difference between Internet, Intranet and Extranet
• Protocol Hierarchies in Computer Network
• Network Devices (Hub, Repeater, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateways and Brouter)
• Introduction of a Router
• Introduction of Gateways
• What is a network switch, and how does it work?

Network Topology

• Types of Network Topology
• Difference between Physical and Logical Topology
• Layers of OSI Model
• Physical Layer in OSI Model
• Data Link Layer
• Session Layer in OSI model

Presentation Layer in OSI model

• Application Layer in OSI Model
• Protocol and Standard in Computer Networks
• Examples of Data Link Layer Protocols
• TCP/IP Model
• TCP/IP Ports and Its Applications
• What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
• TCP 3-Way Handshake Process
• Services and Segment structure in TCP
• TCP Connection Establishment
• TCP Connection Termination
• Fast Recovery Technique For Loss Recovery in TCP
• Difference Between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model

Medium Access Control

• MAC Full Form
• Channel Allocation Problem in Computer Network
• Multiple Access Protocols in Computer Network
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
• Collision Detection in CSMA/CD
• Controlled Access Protocols in Computer Network

SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOLS

• Stop and Wait ARQ
• Sliding Window Protocol | Set 3 (Selective Repeat)
• Piggybacking in Computer Networks

IP Addressing

• What is IPv4?
• What is IPv6?
• Introduction of Classful IP Addressing
• IP Addressing | Classless Addressing
• Classful Vs Classless Addressing
• Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
• Supernetting in Network Layer
• Introduction To Subnetting
• Difference between Subnetting and Supernetting
• Types of Routing
• Difference between Static and Dynamic Routing
• Unicast Routing – Link State Routing
• Distance Vector Routing (DVR) Protocol
• Fixed and Flooding Routing algorithms
• Introduction of Firewall in Computer Network

Congestion Control Algorithms

• Congestion Control in Computer Networks
• Congestion Control techniques in Computer Networks
• Computer Network | Leaky bucket algorithm
• TCP Congestion Control

Network Switching

• Circuit Switching in Computer Network
• Message switching techniques
• Packet Switching and Delays in Computer Network
• Differences between Virtual Circuits and Datagram Networks

Application Layer:DNS

• Domain Name System (DNS) in Application Layer
• Details on DNS
• Introduction to Electronic Mail
• E-Mail Format
• World Wide Web (WWW)
• HTTP Full Form
• Streaming Stored Video
• What is a Content Distribution Network and how does it work?

CN Interview Quetions

• Top 50 Networking Interview Questions (2023)
• Top 50 TCP/IP interview questions and answers
• Top 50 IP addressing interview questions and answers
• Last Minute Notes – Computer Networks
• Computer Network – Cheat Sheet
• Network Layer
• Transport Layer
• Application Layer

Prerequisite : OSI Model

Introduction : Presentation Layer is the 6th layer in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. This layer is also known as Translation layer, as this layer serves as a data translator for the network. The data which this layer receives from the Application Layer is extracted and manipulated here as per the required format to transmit over the network. The main responsibility of this layer is to provide or define the data format and encryption. The presentation layer is also called as Syntax layer since it is responsible for maintaining the proper syntax of the data which it either receives or transmits to other layer(s).

Functions of Presentation Layer :

The presentation layer, being the 6th layer in the OSI model, performs several types of functions, which are described below-

• Presentation layer format and encrypts data to be sent across the network.
• This layer takes care that the data is sent in such a way that the receiver will understand the information (data) and will be able to use the data efficiently and effectively.
• This layer manages the abstract data structures and allows high-level data structures (example- banking records), which are to be defined or exchanged.
• This layer carries out the encryption at the transmitter and decryption at the receiver.
• This layer carries out data compression to reduce the bandwidth of the data to be transmitted (the primary goal of data compression is to reduce the number of bits which is to be transmitted).
• This layer is responsible for interoperability (ability of computers to exchange and make use of information) between encoding methods as different computers use different encoding methods.
• This layer basically deals with the presentation part of the data.
• Presentation layer, carries out the data compression (number of bits reduction while transmission), which in return improves the data throughput.
• This layer also deals with the issues of string representation.
• The presentation layer is also responsible for integrating all the formats into a standardized format for efficient and effective communication.
• This layer encodes the message from the user-dependent format to the common format and vice-versa for communication between dissimilar systems.
• This layer deals with the syntax and semantics of the messages.
• This layer also ensures that the messages which are to be presented to the upper as well as the lower layer should be standardized as well as in an accurate format too.
• Presentation layer is also responsible for translation, formatting, and delivery of information for processing or display.
• This layer also performs serialization (process of translating a data structure or an object into a format that can be stored or transmitted easily).

Features of Presentation Layer in the OSI model: Presentation layer, being the 6th layer in the OSI model, plays a vital role while communication is taking place between two devices in a network.

List of features which are provided by the presentation layer are:

• Presentation layer could apply certain sophisticated compression techniques, so fewer bytes of data are required to represent the information when it is sent over the network.
• If two or more devices are communicating over an encrypted connection, then this presentation layer is responsible for adding encryption on the sender’s end as well as the decoding the encryption on the receiver’s end so that it can represent the application layer with unencrypted, readable data.
• This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent over a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems.
• This presentation layer also negotiates the Transfer Syntax.
• This presentation layer is also responsible for compressing data it receives from the application layer before delivering it to the session layer (which is the 5th layer in the OSI model) and thus improves the speed as well as the efficiency of communication by minimizing the amount of the data to be transferred.

Working of Presentation Layer in the OSI model : Presentation layer in the OSI model, as a translator, converts the data sent by the application layer of the transmitting node into an acceptable and compatible data format based on the applicable network protocol and architecture.  Upon arrival at the receiving computer, the presentation layer translates data into an acceptable format usable by the application layer. Basically, in other words, this layer takes care of any issues occurring when transmitted data must be viewed in a format different from the original format. Being the functional part of the OSI mode, the presentation layer performs a multitude (large number of) data conversion algorithms and character translation functions. Mainly, this layer is responsible for managing two network characteristics: protocol (set of rules) and architecture.

Presentation Layer Protocols : Presentation layer being the 6th layer, but the most important layer in the OSI model performs several types of functionalities, which makes sure that data which is being transferred or received should be accurate or clear to all the devices which are there in a closed network. Presentation Layer, for performing translations or other specified functions, needs to use certain protocols which are defined below –

• Apple Filing Protocol (AFP): Apple Filing Protocol is the proprietary network protocol (communications protocol) that offers services to macOS or the classic macOS. This is basically the network file control protocol specifically designed for Mac-based platforms.
• Lightweight Presentation Protocol (LPP): Lightweight Presentation Protocol is that protocol which is used to provide ISO presentation services on the top of TCP/IP based protocol stacks.
• NetWare Core Protocol (NCP): NetWare Core Protocol is the network protocol which is used to access file, print, directory, clock synchronization, messaging, remote command execution and other network service functions.
• Network Data Representation (NDR): Network Data Representation is basically the implementation of the presentation layer in the OSI model, which provides or defines various primitive data types, constructed data types and also several types of data representations.
• External Data Representation (XDR): External Data Representation (XDR) is the standard for the description and encoding of data. It is useful for transferring data between computer architectures and has been used to communicate data between very diverse machines. Converting from local representation to XDR is called encoding, whereas converting XDR into local representation is called decoding.
• Secure Socket Layer (SSL): The Secure Socket Layer protocol provides security to the data that is being transferred between the web browser and the server. SSL encrypts the link between a web server and a browser, which ensures that all data passed between them remains private and free from attacks.

Please Login to comment...

Improve your coding skills with practice.

Presentation Layer: Protocols, Examples, Services | Functions of Presentation Layer

Presentation Layer is the 6th layer in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model where all application programmer consider data structure and presentation, beyond of simply sending the data into form of datagram otherwise packets in between the hosts. Now, we will explain about what is presentation layer with its protocols, example, service ; involving with major functions of presentation Layer with ease. At the end of this article, you will completely educate about What is Presentation Layer in OSI Model without any hassle.

• What is Presentation Layer?

Definition : Presentation layer is 6th layer in the OSI model , and its main objective is to present all messages to upper layer as a standardized format. It is also known as the “ Translation layer “.  This layer takes care of syntax and semantics of messages exchanged in between two communication systems. Presentation layer has responsible that receiver can understand all data, and it will be to implement all data languages can be dissimilar of two communication system.

Presentation layer is capable to handle abstract data structures, and further it helps to defined and exchange of higher-level data structures.

Presentation Layer Tutorial Headlines:

In this section, we will show you all headlines about this entire article; you can check them as your choice; below shown all:

• Functions of Presentation Layer

Protocols of Presentation Layer

• Example of Presentation Layer Protocols

Presentation Layer Services

Design issues with presentation layer, faqs (frequently asked questions), what is meant by presentation layer in osi model, what protocols are used in the presentation layer, can you explain some presentation layer examples, what are the main functions of the presentation layer, what are services of presentation layer in osi, let’s get started,   functions of presentation layer.

Presentation layer performs various functions in the OSI model ; below explain each one – 

• Presentation layer helps to translate from American standard code for information interchange (ASCII) to the extended binary code decimal interchange code (EBCDIC).
• It deals with user interface as well as supporting for several services such as email and file transfer.
• It provides encoding mechanism for translating all messages from user dependent format with common format and vice – versa.
• It’s main goal for data encryption and decryption of entire data before they are getting transmission over all common platforms.
• It provides data compression mechanism for source point to decrease the all bits which are transmitted. Due to this data compression system, user are able to transmit enlarge multimedia file at fastest file transfer rate.
• Due to use of Data Encryption and Decryption algorithm, presentation layer provides more network protection and confidentiality while transmission data over the entire network.
• This layer offers best flexibility for data translation for making connections with various kinds of servers , computers, and mainframes over the similar network.
• Presentation layer has responsible to fix all translations in between all network systems .

Presentation layer is used various protocols; below list is available –

• Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
• File Transfer Protocol
• Network News Transfer Protocol
• Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
• Independent Computing Architecture (ICA), the Citrix system core protocol
• Lightweight Presentation Protocol (LPP)
• NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)
• Network Data Representation (NDR)
• Telnet (a remote terminal access protocol)
• Tox Protocol
• eXternal Data Representation (XDR)
• 25 Packet Assembler/Disassembler Protocol (PAD)

Example of Presentation Layer Protocols:

Here, we will discuss all examples of presentation layer protocols; below explain each one –  

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) : MIME protocol was introduced by Bell Communications in 1991, and it is an internet standard that provides scalable capable of email for attaching of images, sounds and text in a message.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) : FTP is a internet protocol, and its main goal is to transmit all files in between one host to other hosts over the internet on TCP/IP connections.

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) : This protocol is used to make connection with Usenet server and transmit all newsgroup articles in between system over internet.

Apple Filing Protocol (AFP ) : AFP protocol is designed by Apple company for sharing all files over the entire network .

Lightweight Presentation Protocol (LPP) : This protocol is used to offer ISO presentation services on top of TCP/IP based protocol stacks.

NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) : NCP is a Novell client server model protocol that is designed especially for Local Area Network (LAN). It is capable to perform several functions like as file/print-sharing, clock synchronization, remote processing and messaging.

Network Data Representation (NDR) : NDR is an data encoding standard, and it is implement in the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE).

Telnet (Telecommunication Network) : Telnet protocol was introduced in 1969, and it offers the command line interface for making communication along with remote device or server .

Tox : The Tox protocol is sometimes regarded as part of both the presentation and application layer , and it is used for sending peer-to-peer instant-messaging as well as video calling.

eXternal Data Representation (XDR) : This protocol provides the description and encoding of entire data, and  it’s main goal is to transfer data in between dissimilar computer architecture.

25 Packet Assembler/Disassembler Protocol (PAD) : Main objective of this protocol is to obtain all data from group of terminal and allots the data into X. 25 packets.

Presentation layer provides several services like as –

• Data conversion
• Character code translation
• Compression
• Encryption and Decryption
• It helps to handle and maintain Syntax and Semantics of the message transmitted.
• Encoding data can be done as standard agreed like as String, double, date, and more.
• Standard Encoding can be done on wire.

Presentation Layer is the 6th layer in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model that is the lowest layer, where all application programmer consider data structure and presentation, beyond of simply sending the data into form of datagram otherwise packets in between the hosts.

Presentation layer is used various protocols like as:

Yes! In this article, already we have been explained many examples of presentation layer; you can check them.

Presentation layer has a responsibility for formatting, translation, and delivery of the information for getting to process otherwise display .

Now, i hope that you have completely learnt about what is presentation layer with its protocols, example, service ; involving with major functions of presentation Layer with ease. If this post is useful for you, then please share it along with your friends, family members or relatives over social media platforms like as Facebook, Instagram, Linked In, Twitter, and more.

Also Read: Data Link Layer: Protocols, Examples | Functions of Data Link Layer

If you have any experience, tips, tricks, or query regarding this issue? You can drop a comment!

Related Posts

In order to continue enjoying our site, we ask that you confirm your identity as a human. Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Computer Network

• Operating Systems
• Computer Fundamentals
• Interview Q

Physical Layer

Data link layer, network layer, routing algorithm, transport layer, application layer, application protocols, network security.

Interview Questions

• Send your Feedback to [email protected]

Help Others, Please Share

Learn Latest Tutorials

Transact-SQL

Reinforcement Learning

R Programming

React Native

Python Design Patterns

Python Pillow

Python Turtle

Preparation

Verbal Ability

Company Questions

Trending Technologies

Artificial Intelligence

Cloud Computing

Data Science

Machine Learning

B.Tech / MCA

Data Structures

Operating System

Compiler Design

Computer Organization

Discrete Mathematics

Ethical Hacking

Computer Graphics

Software Engineering

Web Technology

Cyber Security

C Programming

Control System

Data Mining

Data Warehouse

Javatpoint Services

JavaTpoint offers too many high quality services. Mail us on h [email protected] , to get more information about given services.

• Website Designing
• Website Development
• Java Development
• PHP Development
• Graphic Designing
• Digital Marketing
• On Page and Off Page SEO
• Content Development
• Corporate Training
• Classroom and Online Training

Training For College Campus

JavaTpoint offers college campus training on Core Java, Advance Java, .Net, Android, Hadoop, PHP, Web Technology and Python. Please mail your requirement at [email protected] . Duration: 1 week to 2 week

• Domain Names
• Domain Name Search
• Free Domain Transfer
• .com Domain
• 1 Dollar Domain
• Cheap Domain
• Free Domain
• Buy SSL Certificate
• Website Builder
• Website Platforms
• Website Templates
• Web Design Services
• eCommerce Website Builder
• Web Hosting
• WordPress Hosting
• 1 Dollar Hosting
• Windows Hosting
• Free Website Hosting
• Create Business Email
• HiDrive Cloud Storage
• Microsoft 365 Business
• Cloud Server

Your fully virtualized private server.

• Dedicated Servers
• Rent a Server
• IONOS Cloud
• Business Name Generator
• Logo Creator
• Favicon Generator
• Whois Lookup
• Website Checker
• SSL Checker
• IP Address Check

What is the presentation layer in the OSI model?

The presentation layer is the sixth layer in the OSI model and is responsible for converting different file formats. This allows two systems to communicate. Other tasks carried out by the sixth layer include data compression and encryption.

What is the presentation layer?

What does the presentation layer do, which format does the presentation layer use, presentation layer protocols, skipping the presentation layer.

The presentation layer is the sixth layer of the OSI model. It is primarily used to convert different file formats between the sender and the receiver . The OSI model is a reference model that is used to define communication standards between two devices within a network . The development of this standard began in the 1970s and it was first published at the beginning of the following decade. This standard enables seamless interaction between different technical systems.

The model is made up of a total of seven different layers, all having their own clearly defined tasks. While there are clear boundaries between the layers, the layers interact with each other, with each layer building off the one below it. The different layers are as follows:

• Physical layer
• Data link layer
• Network layer
• Transport layer
• Session layer
• Presentation layer
• Application layer

The presentation layer interacts closely with the application layer, which is located directly above it. The presentation layer’s main task is to present data in such a way that it can be understood and interpreted from both the system sending the data and the system receiving it. After this has been accomplished, the application layer then determines how the data should be structured and what sort of data and values are permissible.

Using these entries, a command set, or an abstract transfer syntax, is then automatically created. The presentation layer now has the task of transferring the data in such a way that it is readable without changing the information contained within it.

The presentation layer is often also responsible for the encryption and decryption of data . The information is first encrypted on the sender’s side and then sent to the receiver in an encrypted state. Keys and encryption methods are then exchanged in the presentation layer. The recipient is then able to decrypt the unreadable data and convert it into a format that can be understood and interpreted.

If data is shown during a transfer, we often use the term transfer syntax. These are separated into the abstract transfer syntax , in which the transferred values are written, and the concrete syntax, which contains a definition of the value coding.

The receiver can only process and understand the data they receive if they receive all of the information from the presentation layer. The most common definition language is Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) , which is also recommended by the ISO. The ISO is an organization that is responsible for developing international standards in technology, management and manufacturing.

The presentation layer has many different formats. The most common text formats are the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) and EBCDIC (Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code). The most common image formats are GIF, JPEG and TIFF. Widely used video formats include MIDI, MPEG and QuickTime.

There are many different presentation layer protocols as well as transfer and encryption technologies in the presentation layer. These include:

The tasks which are carried out by the presentation layer are not always necessary for communication between two systems. In instances where both systems use the same formats, data conversion is not necessary. Additionally, encryption and compression are not required for every interaction and can also be carried out in another layer of the OSI model. If this is the case, the presentation layer can be skipped and the application layer (7) can communicate directly with the session layer (5) instead .

• Encyclopedia

Build or host a website, launch a server, or store your data and more with our most popular products for less.