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Quickstart: Create your first Python web app using Visual Studio
- 13 contributors
In this 5-10 minute introduction to Visual Studio as a Python IDE, you create a simple Python web application based on the Flask framework. You create the project through discrete steps that help you learn about Visual Studio's basic features.
If you haven't already installed Visual Studio, go to the Visual Studio downloads page to install it for free. In the installer, make sure to select the Python development workload.
If you haven't already installed Visual Studio, go to the Visual Studio downloads page to install it for free. In the Visual Studio Installer, select the Python development workload, and in the installation details, select Python web support .
Create the project
The following steps create an empty project that serves as a container for the application:
Open Visual Studio 2019.
On the start screen, select Create a new project .
In the Create a new project dialog box, enter "Python web" in the search field at the top, choose Web Project in the middle list, then select Next :
In the Configure your new project dialog that follows, enter "HelloPython" for Project name , specify a location, and select Create . (The Solution name is automatically set to match the Project name .)
The new project opens in Solution Explorer in the right pane. The project is empty at this point because it contains no other files.
Open Visual Studio 2022.
In the Create a new project dialog box, enter "Python web" in the search field at the top. Choose Web Project from the list, and then select Next :
If you don't see the Python web project templates, select Tools > Get Tools and Features to run the Visual Studio Installer. In the Installer, select the Python development workload, and under Installation details , select Python web support . Then select Modify .
In the Configure your new project dialog box, enter "HelloPython" for Project name , specify a location, and then select Create . The Solution name automatically updates to match the Project name .
Question: What's the advantage of creating a project in Visual Studio for a Python application?
Answer : Python applications are typically defined by using only folders and files, but this simple structure can become burdensome as applications grow larger. Applications can involve auto-generated files, JavaScript for web applications, and other components. A Visual Studio project helps manage this complexity.
The project, a .pyproj file, identifies all the source and content files associated with your project. The .pyproj file contains build information for each file, maintains information to integrate with source-control systems, and helps organize your application into logical components.
Question: What is the "solution" shown in Solution Explorer?
Answer : A Visual Studio solution is a container that helps you manage one or more related projects as a group. The solution stores configuration settings that aren't specific to a project. Projects in a solution can also reference one another. For example, running a Python app project can automatically build a second project, like a C++ extension that the Python app uses.
Install the Flask library
Web apps in Python almost always use one of the many available Python libraries to handle low-level details like routing web requests and shaping responses. Visual Studio provides many templates for web apps. You use one of these templates later in this Quickstart.
Use the following steps to install the Flask library into the default global environment that Visual Studio uses for this project.
Expand the Python Environments node in the project to see the default environment for the project.
Right-click the environment and select Manage Python Packages... . This command opens the Python Environments window on the Packages (PyPI) tab.
Enter "flask" in the search field. If Flask appears below the search box, you can skip this step. Otherwise select Run command: pip install flask . Accept any prompts for administrator privileges and observe the Output window in Visual Studio for progress. (A prompt for elevation happens when the packages folder for the global environment is located within a protected area like C:\Program Files .)
Right-click the environment and select Manage Python Packages . This command opens the Python Environments window on the Packages (PyPI) tab.
Enter "flask" in the search field. If Flask appears below the search box, you can skip this step. Otherwise, select Run command: pip install flask .
An elevation prompt appears if the global environment packages folder is in a protected area like C:\Program Files . Accept any prompts for administrator privileges. Observe the Visual Studio Output window for progress.
Once installed, the library appears in the environment in Solution Explorer , which means you can use it in Python code.
Instead of installing libraries in the global environment, developers typically create a "virtual environment" in which to install libraries for a specific project. Visual Studio templates typically offer this option, as discussed in Quickstart - Create a Python project using a template .
Question: Where do I learn more about other available Python packages?
Answer : Visit the Python Package Index .
Add a code file
You're now ready to add a bit of Python code to implement a minimal web app.
Right-click the project in Solution Explorer and select Add > New Item .
In the dialog that appears, select Empty Python File , name it app.py , and select Add . Visual Studio automatically opens the file in an editor window.
Copy the following code and paste it into app.py :
In the dialog that appears, select empty . For Name , enter app.py , and then select Add . Visual Studio automatically opens the file in an editor window.
You might have noticed that the Add > New Item dialog box displays many other types of files you can add to a Python project, including a Python class, a Python package, a Python unit test, web.config files, and more. In general, these item templates are a great way to quickly create files with useful boilerplate code.
Question: Where can I learn more about Flask?
Answer : Refer to the Flask documentation, starting with the Flask Quickstart .
Run the application
In Solution Explorer , right-click app.py and then select Set as Startup File from the dropdown menu. This command identifies the code file to launch in Python when running the app.
Right-click the project in Solution Explorer and select Properties . Select the Debug tab from the Properties menu, and set the Port Number property to 4449 . This setting ensures that Visual Studio launches a browser with localhost:4449 to match the app.run arguments in the code.
Select Debug > Start Without Debugging or press Ctrl + F5 , which saves changes to files and runs the app.
A command window appears with the message Running in https://localhost:4449 . A browser window opens to localhost:4449 and displays the message Hello, Python! The GET request also appears in the command window with a status of 200 .
If a browser doesn't open automatically, start the browser of your choice and navigate to localhost:4449 .
If you see only the Python interactive shell in the command window, or if that window flashes on the screen briefly, make sure app.py is set as the startup file.
Navigate to localhost:4449/hello to test that the decorator for the /hello resource also works. Again, the GET request appears in the command window with a status of 200 . Try some other URLs as well to see that they show 404 status codes in the command window.
Close the command window to stop the app, and then close the browser window.
Question: What's the difference between the Start Without Debugging and Start Debugging commands?
Answer : You use Start Debugging to run the app in the context of the Visual Studio debugger . With the debugger, you can set breakpoints, examine variables, and step through your code line by line. Apps might run slower in the debugger because of the hooks that make debugging possible.
Start Without Debugging runs the app directly, as if you ran it from the command line, with no debugging context. Start Without Debugging also automatically launches a browser, and navigates to the URL specified in the project properties' Debug tab.
Congratulations on running your first Python app from Visual Studio. You've learned a little about using Visual Studio as a Python IDE!
Because the steps you followed in this Quickstart are fairly generic, you've probably guessed that they can and should be automated. Such automation is the role of Visual Studio project templates. Go through Quickstart - Create a Python project using a template to create a web app similar to the one in this article, but with fewer steps.
To continue with a fuller tutorial on Python in Visual Studio, including using the interactive window, debugging, data visualization, and working with Git, follow Tutorial: Get started with Python in Visual Studio .
To explore more that Visual Studio has to offer, select the links below.
- Learn about Python web app templates in Visual Studio .
- Learn about Python debugging
- Learn more about the Visual Studio IDE in general.
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- Hands-on Python Tutorial »
- 4. Dynamic Web Pages »
4.3. Composing Web Pages in Python ¶
4.3.1. dynamically created static local pages from python ¶.
For the rest of this chapter, the example files will come from the www directory under the main examples directory you unzipped. I will refer to example file there as “example www files”.
As the overview indicated, dynamic web applications typically involve getting input from a web page form, processing the input in a program on the server, and displaying output to a web page. Introducing all these new ideas at once could be a lot to absorb, so this section uses familiar keyboard input into a regular Python program and then, like in the final version, processes the input and produces the final web page output.
Follow this sequence of steps:
- Open the example www file hello.html in your browser, to see what it looks like.
- Change your browser view - for instance go back to the previous page you displayed.
- Open the same hello.html file in Kompozer, if that works for you, or another editor that will show the html source, as discussed in HTML Source Markup .
- If using Kompozer, switch to the Source view (clicking the Source tab). Sometimes you will want to copy HTML text into a Python program. For instance, I selected and copied the entire contents of the hello.html source view and pasted it into a multi-line string in the Python program shown and discussed below.
- Careful, note the change from past practice here: Start Python from inside the www directory . In Windows you may start Idle with the IdleOnWindows shortcut that I placed in the www directory , not the original example directory.
- Open the www example program helloWeb1.py in an Idle edit window.
You should see a familiar web page appear in your default browser (possibly not the one you have been using). This is obviously not a very necessary program, since you can select this page directly in your browser! Still, one step at a time: it illustrates several useful points. The program is copied below. Read it:
This program encapsulates two basic operations into the last two functions that will be used over and over . The first, strToFile , has nothing new, it just puts specified text in a file with a specified name. The second, browseLocal , does more. It takes specified text (presumably a web page), puts it in a file, and directly displays the file in your default web browser. It uses the open function from the webbrowser module to start the new page in your web browser.
The open function here requires the name of a file or URL. Since the page is automatically generated by the program for one-time immediate viewing, it automatically uses the same throwaway filename, tempBrowseLocal.html specified as the default in the keyword parameter. If you really want another specific, name you could pass it as a parameter.
In this particular program the text that goes in the file is just copied from the literal string named contents in the program.
This is no advance over just opening the file in the browser directly! Still, it is a start towards the aim of creating web content dynamically.
An early example in this tutorial displayed the fixed Hello World!' to the screen. This was later modified in hello_you4.py to incorporate user input using the string format method of Dictionaries and String Formatting ,
Similarly, I can turn the web page contents into a format string, and insert user data. Load and run the www example program helloWeb2.py .
The simple changes from helloWeb1.py are marked at the beginning of the file and shown below. I modified the web page text to contain ‘Hello, {person}!’ in place of ‘Hello, World!’, making the string into a format string, which I renamed to the more appropriate pageTemplate . The changed initial portion with the literal string and and the main program then becomes
Now the line
incorporaties the person’s name into the contents for the web page before saving it to a file and displaying it.
In this case, I stored the literal format string inside the Python program, but consider a different approach:
Load and run the www example program helloWeb3.py . It behaves exactly like helloWeb2.py, but is slightly different internally - it does not directly contain the web page template string. Instead the web page template string is read from the file helloTemplate.html .
Below is the beginning of helloWeb3.py, showing the only new functions. The first, fileToStr , will be a standard function used in the future. It is the inverse of strToFile .
The main program obtains the input. In this simple example, the input is used directly, with little further processing. It is inserted into the web page, using the file helloTemplate.html as a format string.
Although helloTemplate.html is not intended to be viewed by the user (being a template), you should open it in a browser or web editor (Kompozer or ...) to look at it. It is legal to create a web page in a web page editor with expressions in braces embedded in it! If you look in the source view in Kompozer or in a web source editor, you will see something similar to the literal string in helloWeb2.py, except the lines are broken up differently. (This makes no difference in the formatted result, since in html, all white space is considered the same.)
Back in the Normal mode in Kompozer, or in source mode for any html editor, add an extra line of text right after the line “Hello, {person}!”. Then save the file again (under the same name). Run the program helloWeb3.py again, and see that you have been able to change the appearance of the output without changing the Python program itself. That is the aim of using the template html page, allowing the web output formatting to be managed mostly independently from the Python program.
A more complicated but much more common situation is where the input data is processed and transformed into results somehow, and these results , often along with some of the original input, are embedded in the output web page that is produced.
As a simple example, load and run the www example program additionWeb.py , which uses the template file additionTemplate.html .
The aim in the end of this chapter is to have user input come from a form on the web rather than the keyboard on a local machine, but in either case the input is still transformed into results and all embedded in a web page. To make parts easily reusable, I obtain the input in a distinct place from where the input is processed . In keeping with the later situation with web forms, all input is of string type (using keyboard input for now ).
Look at the program. You will see only a few new lines! Because of the modular design, most of the program is composed of recent standard functions reused.
The only new code is at the beginning and is shown here:
The input is obtained (via input for now), and it is processed into a web page string, and as a separate step it is displayed in a local web page.
There are a few things to note:
- All input is strings. Before the numerical calculations, the digit strings must be converted to integers.
- I do calculate (a very simple!) result and use it in the output web page.
- Although it is not in the Python code, an important part of the result comes from the web page format string in additionTemplate.html, which includes the needed variable names in braces, {num1}, {num2}, and {total}. View it in your browser or in a web editor.
When you write your own code, you might modify additionWeb.py , or you can start from a stripped down skeleton in the example www folder, skeletonForWeb.py , with comments about where to insert your special code.
We will examine the bottom part of the following diagram later. The top part outlines the flow of data from string input to web page in your browser for a regular Python program like what we have been describing, with the processing outlined in the middle line. The parts in the middle will be common to the later client/server program, that manges input and output with the bottom line, that we will discuss later.
Again, this last section was somewhat artificial. You are not in the end likely to find such programs practical as end products. However such programs are reasonable to write and test and they include almost all the code you will need for a more practical (but harder to debug) CGI program, coming next....
4.3.1.1. Quotient Web Exercise ¶
* Save additionWeb.py or skeletonForWeb.py as quotientWeb.py . Modify it to display the results of a division problem in a web page. As in the exercises in Chapter 1, display a full sentence labeling the initial data and both the integer quotient and the remainder. You can take your calculations from Quotient String Return Exercise . You should only need to make Python changes to the processInput and main functions. You will also need the HTML for the output page displayed. Make a web page template file called quotientTemplate.html and read it into your program. Turn in both quotientWeb.py and quotientTemplate.html .
Table Of Contents
- 4.3.1.1. Quotient Web Exercise
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4.4. CGI - Dynamic Web Pages
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Python: How to create simple web pages without a huge framework? [closed]
I would like to know if there is a way to create web pages without a huge framework in python.
I think of something like PHP/Apache, which comes just as a language and not with to much overhead (but I don't like PHP...). In PHP there is no ORM, no template engine, etc. But it is very very easy to just print a Hello World to the browser.
I know about Django and really like it, but it is a bit too big for simple web portals (5-10 pages).
I really like something simple, without installing too much.
- web-frameworks
- 3 What do you expect the framework to do? You only said what it is supposed not to do. If it shouldn't do anything at all, how about just writing HTML pages with a good editor? – Sven Marnach Apr 2, 2012 at 15:40
- The same that PHP does, getting POST/GET values, processing, echo`ing. – Dave Halter Apr 2, 2012 at 15:44
- 1 Please update your question, and try to be as specific as possible. Otherwise, this question is "post your favourite lightweight Python web framework", which isn't a good fit for SO. – Sven Marnach Apr 2, 2012 at 15:46
8 Answers 8
Have you looked up Flask ?
It's a much more minimalistic framework, and very easy to set up and get started.
- Bottle is a similar minimalist framework that I like using: bottlepy.org/docs/dev – Steve Nay Apr 2, 2012 at 15:43
- Yes, I know of bottle, I believe flask even derived from it. – pcalcao Apr 2, 2012 at 15:52
- yeah! That's it! Thank you. That's exactly what I searched. Simple. – Dave Halter Apr 2, 2012 at 20:21
I've used Flask (and bottle.py) in the past, but these days I actually prefer Pyramid, from the Pylons folks .
Pyramid is capable of being a large, full-fledged framework, is designed for flexibility, and has no shortage of plugins and extensions available adding additional functionality -- but it also is capable of small, single-file projects; see this tutorial for an example .
Going with Pyramid will give you room to grow if your needs expand over time, while still retaining the ability to start small.
- yeah, pyramid seems cool, but flask is really the better solution for my 'problem', because I would switch to Django for bigger things. – Dave Halter Apr 2, 2012 at 20:20
- @DavidHalter That only works if you know up-front if your project is going to be a "bigger thing". If it starts small and then grows organically, having the only path be a complete rewrite kinda' sucks. (Also, as a former Django developer myself, I'm a little unclear on why you'd want to switch to something with a godawfully horriffic ORM [at least compared to SQLAlchemy, the standard by which all others should be measured], a painfully slow templating engine, a less pluggable URL routing mechanism, and so forth... but that's a completely separate conversation). – Charles Duffy Apr 2, 2012 at 20:44
- Oh, it seems like I have to checkout Pyramids as well. I hate the Django ORM for its inabillity to handle composite keys. And the template engine is really really slow, you're right (it's much better with PyPy). Pyramid sounds really good. I have to give it a try. – Dave Halter Apr 2, 2012 at 21:21
Good old CGI is the quickest way to get you started. On most configurations, you just need to drop a python script in 'cgi-bin' and make it executable, no need to install anything. Google for "cgi python", there are lots of tutorials, e.g. this one looks pretty decent.
I'm not sure what's wrong with django flatpages for your purposes.
Another alternative would be to replace the django template system with something more powerful, like jinja, so you can write your tag soup and do processing there, with minimal logic in the view.
In practice (given that you already know django), that is likely to be easier than using a microframework (which requires more of the programmer, in exchange for being completely unopinionated about anything).
mod_python perhaps?
- How does mod_python let you do that? Please explain what that is, and provide an example if possible, so people don't have to click through. – agf Apr 14, 2012 at 1:16
- anybody who knows about Apache will understand at least approximately from the name what mod_python does. – MK. Apr 14, 2012 at 4:13
I would recommend CherryPy
Sure, you can go really lean with the CGI or wsgiref route. However, you get what you pay for, and I prefer Flask or WerkZeug for all the pain they prevent.
From wsgiref python docs :
Python works well using CGI.
that's the simplest thing you can do: it only needs apache and a working python environment, and is the closest to a standard php setup.
remember that, when using CGI, your python script is responsible for outputting the necessary HTTP headers ( sys.stdout.write('Content-Type: text/html\n\n') ), but there is a CGI module which is part of the python standard library which greatly helps dealing with the raw stuffs (post/get arguments parsing, header retrieval, header generation).
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged python frameworks web-frameworks or ask your own question .
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Create Basic Webpage with Pyscript
In this article, we will cover how we can create a basic webpage with Pyscript
The Pyscript is a python framework/library that allows us to write python code inside HTML directly with the help[ of pyscript tag. Pyscript is a new project and is currently under development, but it has gained a lot of attention recently. It can make a page generate dynamically with the help of python. We will see the basic web page created with the pyscript library in this article.
Creating a Template
We’ll create a basic template in HTML in which we will further add the pyscript framework as a link and a script to the pyscript CDN. You can create an index.html in a folder in your desired location.
A simple HTML template can be created as per your preferences, we’ll leave it empty body right now to start afresh instance of the pyscript code.
Embedding Python inside HTML
We first need the script files that help us in allowing the runtime of python from the pyscript CDN. So, we will have to add a few link tags and the script tag that will bring in the Python Pyodide runtime.
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”https://pyscript.net/alpha/pyscript.css” /> <script defer src=”https://pyscript.net/alpha/pyscript.js”></script>
The first link for the stylesheet will allow us to format the output generated from the python code. The next link which is a script tag will bring in the javascript source file that will work with the browser for interacting with the python runtime. Finally, we can use the pyscript tags for embedding the python code.
The python code can be embedded by adding inside the <py-script> tags. We can use the <py-script> tags to write python code. Normal python code can be embedded inside the <py-script> tags. The tags are not self-closing and hence like other HTML tags it needs a closing tag as </py-script>
The python code inside the py-script tags should be indented, as you write the python code. The formatting of the indentation is not strictly from the start of the line, though it needs to be consistent throughout while being inside the tags.
Here, we have used a simple python code for printing a variable name. The print function is parsed inside the pyscript that will in turn process the python and display the result as a native HTML tag. Though output from pyscript tags is native HTML, the generation is done with the help of Pyodide and WASM which generates the native HTML from the pyscript tags.
The webpage takes a few seconds to load in its entirety of the webpage. That’s because the python code has to be rendered and converted to a native HTML.
Creating and Displaying List in Pyscript using loop
We can generate a list of elements in the HTML using a pure python list. We can simply use python syntax to print the elements of a list. The output will be generated as a distinct line which is the default behavior of the print statement in pyscript.
We can see the elements of the list are printed on the webpage using simple python code in the embedded pyscript tag.
Creating and Displaying a dictionary using a conditional statement
To create a dictionary in python, we will be creating a simple dictionary and will display the key-value pairs one by one using a simple for loop.
Here, we have created a string and will further create a frequency map of each letter in the string. To create a frequency map of letters in the string, we will initialize an empty dictionary, we will iterate over the string, and check if the character in the string is present as a key in a dictionary or not, if it is present we will increment the value of the key as the character in the string, else the key is initialized to one.
So, we can see the dictionary has the key values as the character of the strings and the frequency of that character in the string.
Use the HTTP server to render the pyscript page
We can even use the HTTP server to render the pyscript page. We can do that using the http.server module to render the HTML page.
Note – You need to be in the same directory as your index.html file else you need to specify the directory for rendering the HTML file.
The d flag is provided to locate the file in the directory without actually changing the directory in the terminal to run the HTTP server. After running the server, you need to locate the 127.0.0.1:8000 or localhost:8000 for viewing your HTML file.
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Open Visual Studio 2022. On the start screen, select Create a new project. In the Create a new project dialog box, enter "Python web" in the search field at the top. Choose Web Project from the list, and then select Next: If you don't see the Python web project templates, select Tools > Get Tools and Features to run the Visual Studio Installer.
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How to create simple web site with Python? I mean really simple, f.ex, you see text "Hello World", and there are button "submit", which onClick will show AJAX box "submit successful". I want to start develop some stuff with Python, and I don't know where to start. python html web-applications Share Improve this question Follow
Python Django is a web framework that allows to quickly create efficient web pages. Django is also called batteries included framework because it provides built-in features such as Django Admin Interface, default database - SQLite3, etc. When you're building a website, you always need a similar set of components: a way to handle user ...
Python: How to create simple web pages without a huge framework? [closed] Asked 11 years, 2 months ago Modified 11 years, 2 months ago Viewed 19k times 8 As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format.
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How You Can Build a Website Using Python The Python programming language can be used to create a huge variety of different types of things, including websites. Making websites with Python is easier than most people think because this language makes use of frameworks.
Using Python to create static web pages — the easy way! Substituting data into a text template using Python and Jinja2. This can be used for document, report and script generation — as well as static HTML pages. Daniel Ellis Research · Follow Published in Towards Data Science · 6 min read · Nov 23, 2020 -- Source: wolfiex.github.io/medium (self)
<body> </body> </html> A simple HTML template can be created as per your preferences, we'll leave it empty body right now to start afresh instance of the pyscript code. Embedding Python inside HTML We first need the script files that help us in allowing the runtime of python from the pyscript CDN.
Build a Basic Python Web Application Set Up Your Project Create main.py Create requirements.txt Create app.yaml Test Locally Deploy Your Python Web Application Set Up on Google App Engine Set Up Locally for Deployment Run the Deployment Process Convert a Script Into a Web Application Add Code as a Function Pass Values to Your Code
Python Web Development Tutorials. Python is a beautiful language. It's easy to learn and fun, and its syntax (the rules) is clear and concise. Python is a popular choice for beginners, yet still powerful enough to back some of the world's most popular products and applications from companies like NASA, Google, IBM, Cisco, Microsoft ...
Use Python to write and parse HTML code. You'll get an introduction to HTML and CSS that you can follow along with. Throughout this tutorial, you'll build a website with three pages and CSS styling: While creating the web project, you'll craft a boilerplate HTML document that you can use in your upcoming web projects.
In this step, you'll make a small Flask web application inside a Python file, in which you'll write HTML code to display on the browser. In your flask_app directory, open a file named app.py for editing, use nano or your favorite text editor: nano app.py. Write the following code inside the app.py file: flask_app/app.py.
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Setting up Flask is pretty simple and quick. With pip package manager, all we need to do is: 1. pip install flask. Once you're done with installing Flask, create a folder called FlaskApp. Navigate to the FlaskApp folder and create a file called app.py. Import the flask module and create an app using Flask as shown: 1.
How to make a website with Python and Django - BASICS (E01) - YouTube . How do I create a simple web page? Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit. Step 1: Open Notepad (PC) Windows 8 or later: . Step 1: Open TextEdit (Mac) Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit. . Step 2: Write Some HTML. .