how to answer legal case study questions

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Get Ready for Your Next Exam with These Excel Quiz Questions and Answers

Excel is a powerful tool that can help you get ahead in your studies. Whether you’re preparing for an upcoming exam or just want to brush up on your skills, these Excel quiz questions and answers can help you get ready. With the right knowledge, you’ll be able to tackle any problem that comes your way.

Understand the Basics of Excel

Before you can start using Excel, it’s important to understand the basics. What is a spreadsheet? How do formulas work? What are some of the most commonly used functions? Answering these questions will give you a better understanding of how to use Excel and help you prepare for any exam questions related to the program.

Create Charts and Graphs

Charts and graphs are an important part of any data analysis project. Knowing how to create them in Excel will give you an edge when it comes time for your exam. Learn how to create different types of charts, such as line, bar, and pie charts, as well as how to format them so they look their best. You should also practice creating graphs from data sets so you can quickly answer any questions related to this topic.

Work with Formulas and Functions

Formulas and functions are essential for working with data in Excel. Knowing how to use them correctly will make it easier for you to answer any questions related to these topics on your exam. Practice using formulas such as SUM, AVERAGE, COUNTIF, and VLOOKUP so you can quickly solve problems during your test. You should also become familiar with common functions like IF statements and nested IF statements so you can answer more complex questions with ease.

By taking the time to understand the basics of Excel, create charts and graphs, and work with formulas and functions, you’ll be well-prepared for your next exam. With these Excel quiz questions and answers at your disposal, you’ll be able to confidently tackle any problem that comes your way.

This text was generated using a large language model, and select text has been reviewed and moderated for purposes such as readability.

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Making Complicated Things Simple

Introduction To I.R.A.C.

As you study business law you will need to complete some legal questions or case-studies. When you analyze a case or business question we recommend that you use the following Clever process:

The following process, I.R.A.C , provides a framework for organizing the facts of a case so that you will be able to answer to a business law essay or case-study questions.

Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion (IRAC)

• Issue: Decide that the legal issue or issues are in the case. (Take each issue 1 at a time.)
• Rule: Research statutes, case law, doctrines, etc. To find out what the rule of law says about this issue?
• Application: Decide how the rule of law applies to this specific case.
• Conclusion: Now that we know the above, what is your conclusion and how is the court likely to decide this case?

Using this Clever process will provide you with the correct structure for your answer and will ensure that you have not missed out on any important information.

I.R.A.C. In Detail

Step 1. issue..

State the main issue (or issues) in the case study or question. The issue should be a question i.e.: “Is there a contract between party A and party B?” or maybe more general i.e.: “Are oral contracts acceptable in these situations?” If there is more than one issue you must write a separate IRAC analysis for each.

Step 2. Rule.

Now describe the legal rule that applies to the case. This should be a general legal principle i.e.: “A contract is formed when the four main requirements for forming a contract have been met”. You should state the rule, legal definition or principle of law here. You do not need to include the specific details of the case.

Step 3. Application (Also known as Analysis).

This is the most important part. It is often the longest part of your answer as this is where you apply the rule (in Step 2 above) to the facts of the case. Here you explain the facts of the case and how the rule leads to your conclusion (Step 4 next). You should discuss both sides of the case, give examples where possible, and reasons for your conclusion. You should use the rule in Step 2 as a base for your discussion of the case.

Step 4. Conclusion.

This is your answer to the issue in the case. It may be a decision to award damages or not or whether there has been a breach of law or who is liable i.e.: “No valid contract was formed between A and B.”

Note: If there is more than one issue you should approach them separately and give separate conclusions for each.

Remember: All legal cases require facts only. Hearsay or statements without clear evidence are not acceptable in a court of law.

Legal cases may have many outcomes. This information is to give you an idea of the legal terms and proceedings only. You should always consult a professional when needed.

Main Image by  Tumisu  from  Pixabay

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Law Case Study – How To Answer Case Studies in Law

One of the major challenges students have in business law and other law courses are answering questions under the case study. In this article, I will explain how to answer any law case study question following the same rule you are aware of and which is generally recommended. The IRAC or IDAC Principle.

Law Case Study Tips

IRAC Principle is an acronym which depicts,

“I” for Identification

“R” for Rule(s)

“A” for Analysis

“C” for Conclusion

While the IDAC Principle depicts the same but “D” stands for Definition.

Law Case Study – Question 1

Chuddy requested Kris to transport goods from Lagos to Darlington’s estate in Enugu state for the sum of N200,000.00. Kris replied that he was only prepared to transport the goods for N300,000.00.

Chuddy wrote back to Kris asking him to reconsider the initial price, but Kris did not reply to his letter. Two days later, Chuddy delivered the goods to the business premises of Kris, who transported them to Darlington’s Estate in Enugu State.

Chuddy has refused to pay the N300,000.00 demand by Kris, saying that there was no concluded contract. Advise the party using relevant authorities.

 [Question 1, First Semester Exam 2014/2015. BAM – YABATECH]

ANSWER/SOLUTION

Let’s make use of the IRAC Principle to answer this question, but before this, let me quickly explain how it works.

“I” – Identification.

First of all, you need to identify under which law the case falls, if it is LAW OF CONTRACT then you consider the elements of the law of contract which are Offer, Acceptance, Consideration, Invitation to treat etc…

• So, from the case above, after reading the question/case, you’ll find out that it is AN OFFER . An offer is a definite undertaking with the expectation that it will become binding when the person accepts but since there was no acceptance between Chuddy and Kris, it means that the offer was terminated.

“R” – Rules

From the above rule, we can say that the offer is a counter-offer because the terms [amount involved] were not accepted by both parties which also means that it was rejected.

So, what are the rules for termination of an offer?

• An offer can be terminated through or by Revocation by rejection, the death of either party, the lapse of time and counter-offer [it varies the terms of an offer]

 “A” – Analysis

By Analysis, you are expected to analyze the case study on some facts and principles that are similar in the area of law . [Always remember to lay emphasis on established facts and principles]

Since we have identified the rules applicable stating that it is a counter-offer and it was rejected then let’s see what it means.

• Counter Offer: In a nutshell, counter offer varies the terms of an offer
• By rejection: It means the offeree did not accept the terms of the offer.

“C” – Conclusion

Here, you are expected to conclude your judgment based on legal facts and principles you have identified. Your conclusion should also entail which party has the right to sue or succeed if the matter is taken to court for legal actions.

• So, since a counteroffer cannot give rise to a binding agreement, it means that Kris should not take the issue to court because, by the means of a counteroffer, there was no agreement between both parties.

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4 thoughts on “Law Case Study – How To Answer Case Studies in Law”

Thanks bro…. Bless you too

Wonderful! Am excited that u are doing this bro. God bless u

Nice one bro, good breakdown

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• Answering a legal problem - IRAC

Proper planning is vital to successfully answering a legal problem. Below are some hints and tools using a problem from Company Law.  When answering a legal problem, it is useful to apply the IRAC structure so that you address all areas required.

• IRAC structure

The IRAC method has four steps:

• Identify the issue
• Relevant law - Here you need to explain the law not just state it. This could be sections/s of the Corporations Act or case law
• Application to the facts - the law is applied to the facts of the problem

Use the following IRAC structure as a guide to answer case study questions.

• Issue: Define the legal relevant issue.
• Relevant law: Identify legal principles from cases and statutes. Explain the law, don't just state it.
• Apply to the facts: Develop legal arguments by applying the law to the facts.
• Conclusion: Arrive at a considered conclusion.

Note: Students gain the most marks by explaining the relevant law and then applying it to the facts.

Example question and answer

Bingo Ltd is a manufacturer of electrical goods. It entered into a contract with Melvin Ltd, a large discount retailer. Under this contract, Bingo Ltd was to supply its goods exclusively to Melvin Ltd. The directors of Melvin Ltd subsequently discover that a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bingo Ltd is selling identical electrical goods to competitors at cheaper prices. It appears that the subsidiary was incorporated to enable Bingo Ltd to avoid the effects of the contract with Melvin Ltd. Advise the directors.

(This a five-mark question)

Please note: This is a simple low mark answer (5 marks) to illustrate the use of IRAC only. Many Company Law problems will involve multiple issues. In these scenarios each issue would need to be addressed. For example: The first issue is... The second issue is whether...

1. Read the following question.

2. Now read the following text and try to identify the IRAC structure.  Check your understanding by clicking on the buttons to reveal the IRAC structure.

Read the following question, then identify which part of the IRAC structure best fits each text excerpt by selecting from the drop down menu.

• Writing case notes
• Writing a legal memo

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How To Answer A Case Study

We totally understand the dire need of students to find credible help with their case studies. Whether they are the students of a college or a university, time and again, you will be asked to make your case studies effectively. This brings to the question as to who will answer a case study impressively? Students can find several online companies that guarantee some great tips for answering your case studies nicely, but not all of them are to rely on.

We bet we have the best step to step guide with us that can easily get you to the end of your case study solutions . The following tips will promise to help you efficiently with your case, irrespective of how difficult they are. Precisely, when it comes to the question of how to answer a case study, it’s all about words. So, do not hesitate in using the correct and researched words to leave a lasting impact.

How To Answer A Consulting Case Study On Three Major Types

Case studies are not an easy task to fulfill in your academic life. If students dare to take it lightly, chances are you will not be able to impress your teachers. However, case studies do not come as easy as they sound. There are three significant types of case studies that are popular among students.

• Legal Case Study
• Nursing Case Study
• Management Case Study

These are the common subjects that will lead to stress in your college or university life. With so much other stuff to do, students don’t feel happy about the pressure of finding a fruitful answer to the case study. There is no doubt it’s quite a challenging situation for any student who has to make a flawless case study. That’s why we usually advise our students to get online help for their case study writing. Because of it, they can have fewer chances of flunking in these exams.

The Helpful 15 Tips On How To Answer A Case Study

When students have no option but to write a persuasive case study, it is preferable to set out on a journey to get external help for it. You can get easy help online. You will be pleased to know that our writing help has some best case study assignment writers who can distress you in a matter of a few hours. But, the most vital thing to know is that a student should know the basic formulas to find good answers to your case studies on their own.

We have collected some fabulous notable tips for our students can help them for years with their case studies:

• Use Conventional Tone: The foremost thing while writing case studies is to use a professional tone to have a lasting impact on your papers.
• Use Your Words Only: It is equally important for a student to use simple and their wording while writing case studies.
• Don’t Be Too Precise: Sometimes, providing proper sentences gives an understandable image to your case studies. Hence, soon use shorter or confusing sentences.
• Use Examples: The students should support their case studies with relevant examples. The examples can be given through a video, statements which should prove your opinions as well.
• Accurate Grammar: Your writing is the crucial thing, Don’t engage in poorly written content. Use proper English without any grammatical errors or spelling mistakes.
• No Acronyms: Students should avoid using acronyms while writing their case studies.
• Use Life Experiences: Your practical life experiences are important to make a compelling case study. Try to use live examples to give a more impactful expression to your case studies.
• Justified Statements Are Necessary: The best way to answer a case study is to agree or disagree with the justified statements.
• Make Complete Sentences: It is also an important point to make a flawless case study paper. While writing, try to make complete sentences.
• No Spelling Flaws: Bad grammar or wrong spellings are not tolerable. Hence, students should do keen writing with no spelling mistakes.
• Proper Answers: Try to give proper answers to the questions.
• Adequate Justifications: Justifications are crucial. Make adequate justifications to avoid any confusion.
• Sufficient Reasoning: The reasoning should be enough while writing a case study.
• No indefinite Answers: Indefinite answers cause a hell of a lot of confusion and complexity in a case study. That’s why the students should avoid making indefinite answers.
• Provide Proper Conversations: It is also vital to contribute as much as possible in conversations.

Related: How To Buy A Case Study

How To Properly Answer A Case Study        

Precisely, a good case study is a scenario that students will analyze out of a professional concept. However, it is blended with useful questions that demand definite answers. There can be a sample case study assignment online that can always help a student while writing one but, it is equally important to know the proper way of answering a case study.

• Reading a case study is the foremost important thing. Later analyze the question carefully too.
• It is mandatory to identify the issue of the case study thoroughly
• A bridge is vital to link the theory to practice
• Planning of the answers comes next.
• Start making your case study answers
• Proofread and edit it carefully to avoid mistakes
• Submit the case studies to your tutors.

How To Answer A Case Study Interview

This aspect is a bit tricky. In a case study interview, you will be given a case and will be asked to analyze the situation with possible solutions.

Here are some common and most useful tips about answering the interview questions:

• Listening carefully to the questions is the key
• Asl the proper questions
• Highlight your approach
• do brainstorming
• Don’t lose focus
• Be attentive to feedback
• Prove your quantitative skills
• Summarize in detail

To write a productive case study is hard, but if you choose online help for it, this task becomes really easy. Be a smarter version of yourself and find great ways of handling the answers to your case study problems. We have a proficient team that can make this hectic task to answer your case study a piece of cake. Don’t be late to avail of our quality help.

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Key Study Skills

• Assignment Calculator
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• Allocating time and using the marking system
• Using the reading time effectively
• Answering multi-choice and short answer questions
• Answering essay and case study questions in exams
• Managing exam stress
• Academic Skills for Success

Answering essay questions in exams

Writing an essay in an exam is similar in many ways to writing an essay for an assignment: It needs to be clearly structured, and your ideas need to be linked and supported by evidence.

Essay questions in exams

• Read the question through carefully to make sure you are answering what has been asked.  Missing one part of a question can cost you a lot of marks.
• Make a quick plan of the points you want to include in your answer.
• Use essay structure: introduction, points, conclusion.  But if you run out of time, it can be a good idea to write notes.
• Get right to the point from the beginning.  Use the words from the question to write your first sentence. For example:

Question: What do you think is the most important intercultural communication issue in New Zealand? First sentence: At present in New Zealand the most important intercultural communication issue is...

• Remember to include one idea per paragraph, and to begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence.
• Make sure your writing is legible.
• Grammar, punctuation and spelling are not as important as in an assignment but should still be of a good standard.

Answering case study questions

Exam questions that ask you to anlayse case studies (also called scenarios) are usually designed to test your ability to relate theories and concepts to real-world situations.

Preparing for case studies before the exam:

• Start by identifying the theories and concepts covered in your course.  Organise and review the information you have on these theories/concepts so you understand them.
• Practice reading case studies and identifying relevant information. It's probably useful to practice doing this with a time limit as you will have one in your exam.
• Practice relating concepts and theories to real-world situations: ask lecturers and check textbooks for practice examples. It is also worth checking past exams for your course to see if there are examples of case study questions.

During the exam

• Take time to plan: Have a clear idea of how much time you have to answer the question. Then plan to spend some time reading the exam question, the case study and planning your answer. Take time to make sure you have understood the case study and know what the exam question is asking you to do:
• Read the exam question(s)
• Then skim read the case study to get the general idea. Highlight or underline key points
• Reread the question to make sure you understand it and to focus your attention when you reread the case study.
• Reread the case study carefully. Make a note of any ideas that you think of.
• Answer the question linking relevant theories and concepts to specific information from the case study. Usually you will need to write your answers in clearly formed paragraphs which have a clear topic that is well-supported with evidence and examples.
• Instead of simply describing or restating information from the case itself, use specific details or examples to support the points you are trying to make. This is where you link theory to the facts from the case study.
• << Previous: Answering multi-choice and short answer questions
• Next: Managing exam stress >>
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How to answer a case law...!!

ANSWERING A CASE-STUDY ORIENTED QUESTION

Hello Dear Friends…!!

As we all know that these days, our papers are based entirely on case studies. We read in almost every message from our president, vice president and chairman of Board of Studies that our exams are going to be more and more practical oriented. In Law, Audit, Taxation, Accountancy there are many questions are based on case laws/practical situations. Therefore it becomes imperative to know “How to answer a case law”.

If we answer the case laws in a logical and coherent manner, it’s indeed easy to get marks.

I share my experience with all of you. While preparing for my PCC exams, I spent a huge amount of time in studying and analyzing Board of Studies publications (Study Materials/Modules, Compilations, Suggested Answers, Revision Test Papers, Practice Manuals and Model Test Papers) and finally I could come out with something very crucial and essential. I have attempted to prepare a synopsis of my observations.

In my view, this technique should be followed to answer a case study oriented question:-

1 st Paragraph:-

When you read the question, try to recall the relevant provisions/sections of law/Act.

In the 1 st paragraph you have to write those provisions of law on which the question is based. In case of questions based on Accounting Standards, you have to write the relevant extract/matter of the Accounting Standard. And if you can also mention the paragraph number of Accounting Standard, do mention it. It makes a very good impression.

Many a times, the question is based on a specific case law

E.g. In Contract Act - Balfour vs. Balfour

In Companies Act-Saloman vs. Saloman & Co. Ltd.

In these kinds of questions, our answer remains incomplete till we don’t cite that particular case law

The aforementioned case laws are landmark case laws which have set some principals. Starting your answer with these kinds of fundamental principals and correlating them to the pertinent sections/provisions, which you are going to mention in your answer, depicts your understanding of the law.

So, in these kinds of questions, you can directly start your answer with a reference to that particular case law, provided you remember it. It will show that you have correctly interpreted/understood the question and the examiner will certainly get impressed.

Mentioning the correct case law will surely fetch you high marks.

If you don’t cite a case law, your marks won’t be deducted. But if you mention a wrong case law, your marks will be deducted.

Your answer should start like this if you remember that particular case law. The very first line should be” The question is based on the principals set in the case of ____”

Your answer must start like this if you remember the section number

“As per Sec.___of _____Act, ___ (year) “

And your answer should start like this in case you do not remember the section number

“As per the provisions of ____Act, ___ (year)”

Never write wrong section number and never mention a fake/imaginary case law because the examiner is not a fool. If you do this, he/she may get angry and you can be the sufferer. Case laws and section numbers should form part of your answer only when you are confident about them. Be extremely cautious about it.

2nd Paragraph:-

In the 2 nd paragraph, write the facts and circumstances of the given case. Write, what is given in the question.

Your wordings can be-

“In the present case” or “In the given case” or “In the instant case”

3rd Paragraph:-

Finally, you have to arrive at a decision by comparing 1 st paragraph and 2 nd paragraph i.e. what is written in law and what is the present case. This is the most important part of the answer.

You should make a right decision.

Support your decision with a case law, if any. This is crucial. Quoting an appropriate case law strengthens the quality of answer and makes the answer elegant and complete. Mentioning a relevant case law also justifies the reached decision.

In nutshell, this is how your answer should be presented:

1 st Para : Relevant Provisions/Sections and Fundamental principles (You can straight away start your answer with a case law in some cases)

2 nd Para : Facts and circumstances of the given case

3 rd Para :   Analysis, Decision and Conclusion with a case law, if any.

So this is the manner in which a professional examination question must be answered. If you follow it, you will definitely score high.

Some Good Tips

1. Quoting section numbers and case laws are absolutely necessary to secure full marks. Don’t think that it’s not required at IPCC/PCC/PE-II/Intermediate level.

You can see the suggested answers/compilation. They do quote section numbers and case laws in almost all answers.

2. A good command over English is also a pre requisite for writing a quality answer.

3. Go through the Suggested Answers/Compilation to become familiar with this kind of writing style.

4. In Law, it is the writing style that matters the most and helps in fetching marks. Almost all students know the answer but they don’t know how to present the answer. If we are asked to answer a question in terms of yes/no, we can easily answer. But elaborating that same answer, using the phrases/words of statute/law, drafting the answer in a nice order are the areas where students are lacking. So fine tune your writing style.

5. Law has its own language. We can’t write the answer in general English. Most of the students think that even if they write the answer in general language, they will get marks but it is not so. Language of statute differs significantly from general English in certain circumstances/cases. Law has certain phrases, certain words, we need to learn them and reproduce them in our answers. Try to learn the language of law. Otherwise it becomes a bit difficult to score high.

6. Make a habit of referring to the bare Acts. It will facilitate better understanding.

7. Please read the examiners’ comments on students’ performance (given at the end of suggested answers) to get an insight about what the examiners want us to write, what they are expecting from us and what are the mistakes which students generally commit. And then avoid doing those mistakes and try to improve on those areas.

8. Law is a scoring paper. And it becomes easier to score when the paper is case study oriented. Because we can’t remember the complete section but we can recall a part of the section and reproduce the same in our answer. If the question paper has flat questions which simply require writing a complete section in the answer, we can’t score as high as we can in case studies oriented paper.

So don’t think that it is tough to score when the paper is case study based.

9. Even if your answer is incorrect i.e. the decision at which you have arrived is not right, you won’t get zero marks. You will be given due credit if you have written the correct provisions and facts of the case.

10. In Auditing, there are certain words/group of words which are used quite frequently like” Sufficient Appropriate Audit Evidence”, “Nature, Time and Extent of Audit Procedures to be performed”, “Material misstatement”, “Compliance and Substantive Procedures” etc. So these words have to be mugged up. In Auditing there are three leading case laws:

            a) In Re Kingston Cotton Mills (Responsibility of Auditors)

            b) London and General Bank     (Responsibility of Auditors)

            c) Chantry Martyn vs. Martyn (Ownership of Working Papers)

Keep these case laws in mind and write them if something comes on the above topics.

If possible, read Company Audit from the bare Act because in the module and other reference books the topic is given in a very scattered manner. If you read bare Act once and then read the module/reference book, you will be able to grasp it pretty quickly and since company audit holds a great significance in terms of marks, I strongly recommend you to refer to the original Act. You need to read only 6-7 pages of the bare Act to finish Company Audit and I think you should go for it.

11. Never think that the papers are lengthy and not manageable. I assure you that if you know the solutions of all the questions, you will definitely complete the paper well within time because when you know the solution, you won’t take time to think. The only thing required to attempt the paper quite comfortably is that you must know the solutions and for that all your efforts ought to be directed towards systematic studies.

12. You can follow this technique for Taxation, Audit and Accounting Standards also.

13. Take time to read the question. Understand it properly. Law is all about interpreting, analyzing and then applying the mind judiciously to handle practical situations. So understand the law properly.

I hope it will help you.

I sincerely request everyone to give their valuable suggestions, thoughts and comments. Please do let me know me if I have missed out something.

HAPPY STUDYING AND ALL THE VERY BEST FOR YOUR EXAMS!!!

BBay…Take Care…!!!

Cheers…!!! Be Happy & Keep Smiling…!!! J J Stay Blessed…!!

Thanks & Regards,

  [email protected]

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