topics to write about vaping

Brainstorming for Topics: Vape Nation

• Knowledge or Brain Dumping
• Roller Derby
• Back Yard Chickens
• Vape Nation
• Video Games
• Overpopulation of Pets

Vaping Marijuana

Issues with Vapeing things other than e-juice?

Vilify the entire e-cigarettes idea

• Vaping marijuana?

Smoking Alternatives

What is Vapeing?

Nicotine without the Tar?

• Is Vaping Better Than Smoking? American Heart Association information. Is this bias?
• Vaping: It's All a Smokescreen.
• Electronic cigarettes: harm reduction tool or new substance use behavior?

Advertised to Teens

Profiling for Advertising

• Ever notice that Commercials on certain channels seem bias?

Targeted advertising

Branding vs Marketing vs Advertising

• Exploiting the “video game craze”: A case study of the tobacco industry’s use of video games as a marketing tool.
• Cariogenic potential of sweet flavors in electronic-cigarette liquids.
• << Previous: Back Yard Chickens
• Next: Video Games >>
• Last Updated: Oct 3, 2023 8:44 AM
• URL: https://uscupstate.libguides.com/BrainDump

• Open access
• Published: 18 May 2021

An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health

• Patrice Marques   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0465-1727 1 , 2 ,
• Laura Piqueras   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-5168 1 , 2 , 3 &
• Maria-Jesus Sanz   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-294X 1 , 2 , 3  

Respiratory Research volume  22 , Article number:  151 ( 2021 ) Cite this article

323k Accesses

86 Citations

232 Altmetric

Metrics details

The electronic cigarette ( e-cigarette ), for many considered as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes, has revolutionised the tobacco industry in the last decades. In e-cigarettes , tobacco combustion is replaced by e-liquid heating, leading some manufacturers to propose that e-cigarettes have less harmful respiratory effects than tobacco consumption. Other innovative features such as the adjustment of nicotine content and the choice of pleasant flavours have won over many users. Nevertheless, the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence. Moreover, it has been reported that the heating process itself can lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of questionable toxicity. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to better understand the impact of these new inhalable compounds on human health. Results of toxicological analyses suggest that e-cigarettes can be safer than conventional cigarettes, although harmful effects from short-term e-cigarette use have been described. Worryingly, the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely investigated. In this review, we take stock of the main findings in this field and their consequences for human health including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Electronic nicotine dispensing systems (ENDS), commonly known as electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes , have been popularly considered a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarette smoking since they first appeared on the market more than a decade ago. E-cigarettes are electronic devices, essentially consisting of a cartridge, filled with an e-liquid, a heating element/atomiser necessary to heat the e-liquid to create a vapour that can be inhaled through a mouthpiece, and a rechargeable battery (Fig.  1 ) [ 1 , 2 ]. Both the electronic devices and the different e-liquids are easily available in shops or online stores.

Effect of the heating process on aerosol composition. Main harmful effects documented. Several compounds detected in e-cigarette aerosols are not present in e-liquid s and the device material also seems to contribute to the presence of metal and silicate particles in the aerosols. The heating conditions especially on humectants, flavourings and the low-quality material used have been identified as the generator of the new compounds in aerosols. Some compounds generated from humectants (propylene glycol and glycerol) and flavourings, have been associated with clear airways impact, inflammation, impairment of cardiovascular function and toxicity. In addition, some of them are carcinogens or potential carcinogens

The e-liquid typically contains humectants and flavourings, with or without nicotine; once vapourised by the atomiser, the aerosol (vapour) provides a sensation similar to tobacco smoking, but purportedly without harmful effects [ 3 ]. However, it has been reported that the heating process can lead to the generation of new decomposition compounds that may be hazardous [ 4 , 5 ]. The levels of nicotine, which is the key addictive component of tobacco, can also vary between the commercially available e-liquids, and even nicotine-free options are available. For this particular reason, e-cigarettes are often viewed as a smoking cessation tool, given that those with nicotine can prevent smoking craving, yet this idea has not been fully demonstrated [ 2 , 6 , 7 ].

Because e-cigarettes are combustion-free, and because most of the damaging and well-known effects of tobacco are derived from this reaction, there is a common and widely spread assumption that e-cigarette consumption or “vaping” is safer than conventional cigarette smoking. However, are they risk-free? Is there sufficient toxicological data on all the components employed in e-liquids ? Do we really know the composition of the inhaled vapour during the heating process and its impact on health? Can e-cigarettes be used to curb tobacco use? Do their consumption impact on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? In the present review, we have attempted to clarify these questions based on the existing scientific literature, and we have compiled new insights related with the toxicity derived from the use of these devices.

Effect of e-cigarette vapour versus conventional cigarette exposure: in vivo and in vitro effects

Numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the safety/toxicity of e-cigarette use both in vivo and in in vitro cell culture.

One of the first studies in humans involved the analysis of 9 volunteers that consumed e-cigarettes , with or without nicotine, in a ventilated room for 2 h [ 8 ]. Pollutants in indoor air, exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and urinary metabolite profiles were analysed. The results of this acute experiment revealed that e-cigarettes are not emission-free, and ultrafine particles formed from propylene glycol (PG) could be detected in the lungs. The study also suggested that the presence of nicotine in e-cigarettes increased the levels of NO exhaled from consumers and provoked marked airway inflammation; however, no differences were found in the levels of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), an oxidative stress marker, before and after e-cigarette consumption [ 8 ]. A more recent human study detected significantly higher levels of metabolites of hazardous compounds including benzene, ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile, acrolein and acrylamide in the urine of adolescent dual users ( e-cigarettes and conventional tobacco consumers) than in adolescent e-cigarette -only users (Table 1 ) [ 9 ]. Moreover, the urine levels of metabolites of acrylonitrile, acrolein, propylene oxide, acrylamide and crotonaldehyde, all of which are detrimental for human health, were significantly higher in e-cigarette -only users than in non-smoker controls, reaching up to twice the registered values of those from non-smoker subjects (Table 1 ) [ 9 ]. In line with these observations, dysregulation of lung homeostasis has been documented in non-smokers subjected to acute inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols [ 10 ].

Little is known about the effect of vaping on the immune system. Interestingly, both traditional and e-cigarette consumption by non-smokers was found to provoke short-term effects on platelet function, increasing platelet activation (levels of soluble CD40 ligand and the adhesion molecule P-selectin) and platelet aggregation, although to a lesser extent with e-cigarettes [ 11 ]. As found with platelets, the exposure of neutrophils to e-cigarette aerosol resulted in increased CD11b and CD66b expression being both markers of neutrophil activation [ 12 ]. Additionally, increased oxidative stress, vascular endothelial damage, impaired endothelial function, and changes in vascular tone have all been reported in different human studies on vaping [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In this context, it is widely accepted that platelet and leukocyte activation as well as endothelial dysfunction are associated with atherogenesis and cardiovascular morbidity [ 18 , 19 ]. In line with these observations the potential association of daily e-cigarettes consumption and the increased risk of myocardial infarction remains controversial but benefits may occur when switching from tobacco to chronic e-cigarette use in blood pressure regulation, endothelial function and vascular stiffness (reviewed in [ 20 ]). Nevertheless, whether or not e-cigarette vaping has cardiovascular consequences requires further investigation.

More recently, in August 2019, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) declared an outbreak of the e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) which caused several deaths in young population (reviewed in [ 20 ]). Indeed, computed tomography (CT scan) revealed local inflammation that impaired gas exchange caused by aerosolised oils from e-cigarettes [ 21 ]. However, most of the reported cases of lung injury were associated with use of e-cigarettes for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) consumption as well as vitamin E additives [ 20 ] and not necessarily attributable to other e-cigarette components.

On the other hand, in a comparative study of mice subjected to either lab air, e-cigarette aerosol or cigarette smoke (CS) for 3 days (6 h-exposure per day), those exposed to e-cigarette aerosols showed significant increases in interleukin (IL)-6 but normal lung parenchyma with no evidence of apoptotic activity or elevations in IL-1β or tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) [ 22 ]. By contrast, animals exposed to CS showed lung inflammatory cell infiltration and elevations in inflammatory marker expression such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα [ 22 ]. Beyond airway disease, exposure to aerosols from e-liquids with or without nicotine has also been also associated with neurotoxicity in an early-life murine model [ 23 ].

Results from in vitro studies are in general agreement with the limited number of in vivo studies. For example, in an analysis using primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to 11 commercially-available vapours, 5 were found to be acutely cytotoxic, and only 3 of those contained nicotine [ 24 ]. In addition, 5 of the 11 vapours tested (including 4 that were cytotoxic) reduced HUVEC proliferation and one of them increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 24 ]. Three of the most cytotoxic vapours—with effects similar to those of conventional high-nicotine CS extracts—also caused comparable morphological changes [ 24 ]. Endothelial cell migration is an important mechanism of vascular repair than can be disrupted in smokers due to endothelial dysfunction [ 25 , 26 ]. In a comparative study of CS and e-cigarette aerosols, Taylor et al . found that exposure of HUVEC to e-cigarette aqueous extracts for 20 h did not affect migration in a scratch wound assay [ 27 ], whereas equivalent cells exposed to CS extract showed a significant inhibition in migration that was concentration dependent [ 27 ].

In cultured human airway epithelial cells, both e-cigarette aerosol and CS extract induced IL-8/CXCL8 (neutrophil chemoattractant) release [ 28 ]. In contrast, while CS extract reduced epithelial barrier integrity (determined by the translocation of dextran from the apical to the basolateral side of the cell layer), e-cigarette aerosol did not, suggesting that only CS extract negatively affected host defence [ 28 ]. Moreover, Higham et al . also found that e-cigarette aerosol caused IL-8/CXCL8 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) release together with enhanced activity of elastase from neutrophils [ 12 ] which might facilitate neutrophil migration to the site of inflammation [ 12 ].

In a comparative study, repeated exposure of human gingival fibroblasts to CS condensate or to nicotine-rich or nicotine-free e-vapour condensates led to alterations in morphology, suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis, with changes in all three parameters greater in cells exposed to CS condensate [ 29 ]. Likewise, both e-cigarette aerosol and CS extract increased cell death in adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells), and again the effect was more damaging with CS extract than with e-cigarette aerosol (detrimental effects found at 2 mg/mL of CS extract vs. 64 mg/mL of e-cigarette extract) [ 22 ], which is in agreement with another study examining battery output voltage and cytotoxicity [ 30 ].

All this evidence would suggest that e-cigarettes are potentially less harmful than conventional cigarettes (Fig.  2 ) [ 11 , 14 , 22 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Importantly, however, most of these studies have investigated only short-term effects [ 10 , 14 , 15 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 ], and the long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption on human health are still unclear and require further study.

Comparison of the degree of harmful effects documented from e-cigarette and conventional cigarette consumption. Human studies, in vivo mice exposure and in vitro studies. All of these effects from e-cigarettes were documented to be lower than those exerted by conventional cigarettes, which may suggest that e-cigarette consumption could be a safer option than conventional tobacco smoking but not a clear safe choice

Consequences of nicotine content

Beyond flavour, one of the major issues in the e-liquid market is the range of nicotine content available. Depending on the manufacturer, the concentration of this alkaloid can be presented as low , medium or high , or expressed as mg/mL or as a percentage (% v/v). The concentrations range from 0 (0%, nicotine-free option) to 20 mg/mL (2.0%)—the maximum nicotine threshold according to directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and the European Union Council [ 33 , 34 ]. Despite this normative, however, some commercial e-liquids have nicotine concentrations close to 54 mg/mL [ 35 ], much higher than the limits established by the European Union.

The mislabelling of nicotine content in e-liquids has been previously addressed [ 8 , 34 ]. For instance, gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) revealed inconsistencies in the nicotine content with respect to the manufacturer´s declaration (average of 22 ± 0.8 mg/mL vs. 18 mg/mL) [ 8 ], which equates to a content ~ 22% higher than that indicated in the product label. Of note, several studies have detected nicotine in those e-liquids labelled as nicotine-free [ 5 , 35 , 36 ]. One study detected the presence of nicotine (0.11–6.90 mg/mL) in 5 of 23 nicotine-free labelled e-liquids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [ 35 ], and another study found nicotine (average 8.9 mg/mL) in 13.6% (17/125) of the nicotine-free e-liquids as analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 36 ]. Among the 17 samples tested in this latter study 14 were identified to be counterfeit or suspected counterfeit. A third study detected nicotine in 7 of 10 nicotine-free refills, although the concentrations were lower than those identified in the previous analyses (0.1–15 µg/mL) [ 5 ]. Not only is there evidence of mislabelling of nicotine content among refills labelled as nicotine-free, but there also seems to be a history of poor labelling accuracy in nicotine-containing e-liquids [ 37 , 38 ].

A comparison of the serum levels of nicotine from e-cigarette or conventional cigarette consumption has been recently reported [ 39 ]. Participants took one vape from an e-cigarette , with at least 12 mg/mL of nicotine, or inhaled a conventional cigarette, every 20 s for 10 min. Blood samples were collected 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 min after the first puff, and nicotine serum levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The results revealed higher serum levels of nicotine in the conventional CS group than in the e-cigarette group (25.9 ± 16.7 ng/mL vs. 11.5 ± 9.8 ng/mL). However, e-cigarettes containing 20 mg/mL of nicotine are more equivalent to normal cigarettes, based on the delivery of approximately 1 mg of nicotine every 5 min [ 40 ].

In this line, a study compared the acute impact of CS vs. e-cigarette vaping with equivalent nicotine content in healthy smokers and non-smokers. Both increased markers of oxidative stress and decreased NO bioavailability, flow-mediated dilation, and vitamin E levels showing no significant differences between tobacco and e-cigarette exposure (reviewed in [ 20 ]). Inasmuch, short-term e-cigarette use in healthy smokers resulted in marked impairment of endothelial function and an increase in arterial stiffness (reviewed in [ 20 ]). Similar effects on endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness were found in animals when they were exposed to e-cigarette vapor either for several days or chronically (reviewed in [ 20 ]). In contrast, other studies found acute microvascular endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in smokers after exposure to e-cigarettes with nicotine, but not after e-cigarettes without nicotine (reviewed in [ 20 ]). In women smokers, a study found a significant difference in stiffness after smoking just one tobacco cigarette, but not after use of e-cigarettes (reviewed in [ 20 ]).

It is well known that nicotine is extremely addictive and has a multitude of harmful effects. Nicotine has significant biologic activity and adversely affects several physiological systems including the cardiovascular, respiratory, immunological and reproductive systems, and can also compromise lung and kidney function [ 41 ]. Recently, a sub-chronic whole-body exposure of e-liquid (2 h/day, 5 days/week, 30 days) containing PG alone or PG with nicotine (25 mg/mL) to wild type (WT) animals or knockout (KO) mice in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα7-KO) revealed a partly nAChRα7-dependent lung inflammation [ 42 ]. While sub-chronic exposure to PG/nicotine promote nAChRα7-dependent increased levels of different cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) such as IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, interferon γ (IFNγ), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), the enhanced levels of IL-1β, IL-5 and TNFα were nAChRα7 independent. In general, most of the cytokines detected in BALF were significantly increased in WT mice exposed to PG with nicotine compared to PG alone or air control [ 42 ]. Some of these effects were found to be through nicotine activation of NF-κB signalling albeit in females but not in males. In addition, PG with nicotine caused increased macrophage and CD4 + /CD8 + T-lymphocytes cell counts in BALF compared to air control, but these effects were ameliorated when animals were sub-chronically exposed to PG alone [ 42 ].

Of note, another study indicated that although RANTES/CCL5 and CCR1 mRNA were upregulated in flavour/nicotine-containing e-cigarette users, vaping flavour and nicotine-less e-cigarettes did not significantly dysregulate cytokine and inflammasome activation [ 43 ].

In addition to its toxicological effects on foetus development, nicotine can disrupt brain development in adolescents and young adults [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Several studies have also suggested that nicotine is potentially carcinogenic (reviewed in [ 41 ]), but more work is needed to prove its carcinogenicity independently of the combustion products of tobacco [ 47 ]. In this latter regard, no differences were encountered in the frequency of tumour appearance in rats subjected to long-term (2 years) inhalation of nicotine when compared with control rats [ 48 ]. Despite the lack of carcinogenicity evidence, it has been reported that nicotine promotes tumour cell survival by decreasing apoptosis and increasing proliferation [ 49 ], indicating that it may work as a “tumour enhancer”. In a very recent study, chronic administration of nicotine to mice (1 mg/kg every 3 days for a 60-day period) enhanced brain metastasis by skewing the polarity of M2 microglia, which increases metastatic tumour growth [ 50 ]. Assuming that a conventional cigarette contains 0.172–1.702 mg of nicotine [ 51 ], the daily nicotine dose administered to these animals corresponds to 40–400 cigarettes for a 70 kg-adult, which is a dose of an extremely heavy smoker. We would argue that further studies with chronic administration of low doses of nicotine are required to clearly evaluate its impact on carcinogenicity.

In the aforementioned study exposing human gingival fibroblasts to CS condensate or to nicotine-rich or nicotine-free e-vapour condensates [ 29 ], the detrimental effects were greater in cells exposed to nicotine-rich condensate than to nicotine-free condensate, suggesting that the possible injurious effects of nicotine should be considered when purchasing e-refills . It is also noteworthy that among the 3 most cytotoxic vapours for HUVEC evaluated in the Putzhammer et al . study, 2 were nicotine-free, which suggests that nicotine is not the only hazardous component in e-cigarettes [ 24 ] .

The lethal dose of nicotine for an adult is estimated at 30–60 mg [ 52 ]. Given that nicotine easily diffuses from the dermis to the bloodstream, acute nicotine exposure by e-liquid spilling (5 mL of a 20 mg/mL nicotine-containing refill is equivalent to 100 mg of nicotine) can easily be toxic or even deadly [ 8 ]. Thus, devices with rechargeable refills are another issue of concern with e-cigarettes , especially when e-liquids are not sold in child-safe containers, increasing the risk of spilling, swallowing or breathing.

These data overall indicate that the harmful effects of nicotine should not be underestimated. Despite the established regulations, some inaccuracies in nicotine content labelling remain in different brands of e-liquids . Consequently, stricter regulation and a higher quality control in the e-liquid industry are required.

Effect of humectants and their heating-related products

In this particular aspect, again the composition of the e-liquid varies significantly among different commercial brands [ 4 , 35 ]. The most common and major components of e-liquids are PG or 1,2-propanediol, and glycerol or glycerine (propane-1,2,3-triol). Both types of compounds are used as humectants to prevent the e-liquid from drying out [ 2 , 53 ] and are classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as “Generally Recognised as Safe” [ 54 ]. In fact, they are widely used as alimentary and pharmaceutical products [ 2 ]. In an analysis of 54 commercially available e-liquids , PG and glycerol were detected in almost all samples at concentrations ranging from 0.4% to 98% (average 57%) and from 0.3% to 95% (average 37%), respectively [ 35 ].

With regards to toxicity, little is known about the effects of humectants when they are heated and chronically inhaled. Studies have indicated that PG can induce respiratory irritation and increase the probability of asthma development [ 55 , 56 ], and both PG and glycerol from e-cigarettes might reach concentrations sufficiently high to potentially cause irritation of the airways [ 57 ]. Indeed, the latter study established that one e-cigarette puff results in a PG exposure of 430–603 mg/m 3 , which is higher than the levels reported to cause airway irritation (average 309 mg/m 3 ) based on a human study [ 55 ]. The same study established that one e-cigarette puff results in a glycerol exposure of 348–495 mg/m 3 [ 57 ], which is close to the levels reported to cause airway irritation in rats (662 mg/m 3 ) [ 58 ].

Airway epithelial injury induced by acute vaping of PG and glycerol aerosols (50:50 vol/vol), with or without nicotine, has been reported in two randomised clinical trials in young tobacco smokers [ 32 ]. In vitro, aerosols from glycerol only-containing refills showed cytotoxicity in A549 and human embryonic stem cells, even at a low battery output voltage [ 59 ]. PG was also found to affect early neurodevelopment in a zebrafish model [ 60 ]. Another important issue is that, under heating conditions PG can produce acetaldehyde or formaldehyde (119.2 or 143.7 ng/puff at 20 W, respectively, on average), while glycerol can also generate acrolein (53.0, 1000.0 or 5.9 ng/puff at 20 W, respectively, on average), all carbonyls with a well-documented toxicity [ 61 ]. Although, assuming 15 puffs per e-cigarette unit, carbonyls produced by PG or glycerol heating would be below the maximum levels found in a conventional cigarette combustion (Table 2 ) [ 51 , 62 ]. Nevertheless, further studies are required to properly test the deleterious effects of all these compounds at physiological doses resembling those to which individuals are chronically exposed.

Although PG and glycerol are the major components of e-liquids other components have been detected. When the aerosols of 4 commercially available e-liquids chosen from a top 10 list of “ Best E-Cigarettes of 2014” , were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) after heating, numerous compounds were detected, with nearly half of them not previously identified [ 4 ], thus suggesting that the heating process per se generates new compounds of unknown consequence. Of note, the analysis identified formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein [ 4 ], 3 carbonyl compounds with known high toxicity [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. While no information was given regarding formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations, the authors calculated that one puff could result in an acrolein exposure of 0.003–0.015 μg/mL [ 4 ]. Assuming 40 mL per puff and 15 puffs per e-cigarette unit (according to several manufacturers) [ 4 ], each e-cigarette unit would generate approximately 1.8–9 μg of acrolein, which is less than the levels of acrolein emitted by a conventional tobacco cigarette (18.3–98.2 μg) [ 51 ]. However, given that e-cigarette units of vaping are not well established, users may puff intermittently throughout the whole day. Thus, assuming 400 to 500 puffs per cartridge, users could be exposed to up to 300 μg of acrolein.

In a similar study, acrolein was found in 11 of 12 aerosols tested, with a similar content range (approximately 0.07–4.19 μg per e-cigarette unit) [ 68 ]. In the same study, both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were detected in all of the aerosols tested, with contents of 0.2–5.61 μg and 0.11–1.36 μg, respectively, per e-cigarette unit [ 68 ]. It is important to point out that the levels of these toxic products in e-cigarette aerosols are significantly lower than those found in CS: 9 times lower for formaldehyde, 450 times lower for acetaldehyde and 15 times lower for acrolein (Table 2 ) [ 62 , 68 ].

Other compounds that have been detected in aerosols include acetamide, a potential human carcinogen [ 5 ], and some aldehydes [ 69 ], although their levels were minimal. Interestingly, the existence of harmful concentrations of diethylene glycol, a known cytotoxic agent, in e-liquid aerosols is contentious with some studies detecting its presence [ 4 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], and others finding low subtoxic concentrations [ 73 , 74 ]. Similar observations were reported for the content ethylene glycol. In this regard, either it was detected at concentrations that did not exceed the authorised limit [ 73 ], or it was absent from the aerosols produced [ 4 , 71 , 72 ]. Only one study revealed its presence at high concentration in a very low number of samples [ 5 ]. Nevertheless, its presence above 1 mg/g is not allowed by the FDA [ 73 ]. Figure  1 lists the main compounds detected in aerosols derived from humectant heating and their potential damaging effects. It would seem that future studies should analyse the possible toxic effects of humectants and related products at concentrations similar to those that e-cigarette vapers are exposed to reach conclusive results.

Impact of flavouring compounds

The range of e-liquid flavours available to consumers is extensive and is used to attract both current smokers and new e-cigarette users, which is a growing public health concern [ 6 ]. In fact, over 5 million middle- and high-school students were current users of e-cigarettes in 2019 [ 75 ], and appealing flavours have been identified as the primary reason for e-cigarette consumption in 81% of young users [ 76 ]. Since 2016, the FDA regulates the flavours used in the e-cigarette market and has recently published an enforcement policy on unauthorised flavours, including fruit and mint flavours, which are more appealing to young users [ 77 ]. However, the long-term effects of all flavour chemicals used by this industry (which are more than 15,000) remain unknown and they are not usually included in the product label [ 78 ]. Furthermore, there is no safety guarantee since they may harbour potential toxic or irritating properties [ 5 ].

With regards to the multitude of available flavours, some have demonstrated cytotoxicity [ 59 , 79 ]. Bahl et al. evaluated the toxicity of 36 different e-liquids and 29 different flavours on human embryonic stem cells, mouse neural stem cells and human pulmonary fibroblasts using a metabolic activity assay. In general, those e-liquids that were bubblegum-, butterscotch- and caramel-flavoured did not show any overt cytotoxicity even at the highest dose tested. By contrast, those e-liquids with Freedom Smoke Menthol Arctic and Global Smoke Caramel flavours had marked cytotoxic effects on pulmonary fibroblasts and those with Cinnamon Ceylon flavour were the most cytotoxic in all cell lines [ 79 ]. A further study from the same group [ 80 ] revealed that high cytotoxicity is a recurrent feature of cinnamon-flavoured e-liquids. In this line, results from GC–MS and HPLC analyses indicated that cinnamaldehyde (CAD) and 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, but not dipropylene glycol or vanillin, were mainly responsible for the high cytotoxicity of cinnamon-flavoured e-liquids [ 80 ]. Other flavouring-related compounds that are associated with respiratory complications [ 81 , 82 , 83 ], such as diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione or acetoin, were found in 47 out of 51 aerosols of flavoured e-liquids tested [ 84 ] . Allen et al . calculated an average of 239 μg of diacetyl per cartridge [ 84 ]. Assuming again 400 puffs per cartridge and 40 mL per puff, is it is possible to estimate an average of 0.015 ppm of diacetyl per puff, which could compromise normal lung function in the long-term [ 85 ].

The cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of different e-cigarette flavouring chemicals were also tested on two human monocytic cell lines—mono mac 6 (MM6) and U937 [ 86 ]. Among the flavouring chemicals tested, CAD was found to be the most toxic and O-vanillin and pentanedione also showed significant cytotoxicity; by contrast, acetoin, diacetyl, maltol, and coumarin did not show any toxicity at the concentrations assayed (10–1000 µM). Of interest, a higher toxicity was evident when combinations of different flavours or mixed equal proportions of e-liquids from 10 differently flavoured e-liquids were tested, suggesting that vaping a single flavour is less toxic than inhaling mixed flavours [ 86 ]. Also, all the tested flavours produced significant levels of ROS in a cell-free ROS production assay. Finally, diacetyl, pentanedione, O-vanillin, maltol, coumarin, and CAD induced significant IL-8 secretion from MM6 and U937 monocytes [ 86 ]. It should be borne in mind, however, that the concentrations assayed were in the supra-physiological range and it is likely that, once inhaled, these concentrations are not reached in the airway space. Indeed, one of the limitations of the study was that human cells are not exposed to e-liquids per se, but rather to the aerosols where the concentrations are lower [ 86 ]. In this line, the maximum concentration tested (1000 µM) would correspond to approximately 80 to 150 ppm, which is far higher than the levels found in aerosols of some of these compounds [ 84 ]. Moreover, on a day-to-day basis, lungs of e-cigarette users are not constantly exposed to these chemicals for 24 h at these concentrations. Similar limitations were found when five of seven flavourings were found to cause cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells [ 87 ].

Recently, a commonly commercialized crème brûlée -flavoured aerosol was found to contain high concentrations of benzoic acid (86.9 μg/puff), a well-established respiratory irritant [ 88 ]. When human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B and H292) were exposed to this aerosol for 1 h, a marked cytotoxicity was observed in BEAS-2B but not in H292 cells, 24 h later. However, increased ROS production was registered in H292 cells [ 88 ].

Therefore, to fully understand the effects of these compounds, it is relevant the cell cultures selected for performing these assays, as well as the use of in vivo models that mimic the real-life situation of chronic e-cigarette vapers to clarify their impact on human health.

The e-cigarette device

While the bulk of studies related to the impact of e-cigarette use on human health has focused on the e-liquid components and the resulting aerosols produced after heating, a few studies have addressed the material of the electronic device and its potential consequences—specifically, the potential presence of metals such as copper, nickel or silver particles in e-liquids and aerosols originating from the filaments and wires and the atomiser [ 89 , 90 , 91 ].

Other important components in the aerosols include silicate particles from the fiberglass wicks or silicone [ 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Many of these products are known to cause abnormalities in respiratory function and respiratory diseases [ 89 , 90 , 91 ], but more in-depth studies are required. Interestingly, the battery output voltage also seems to have an impact on the cytotoxicity of the aerosol vapours, with e-liquids from a higher battery output voltage showing more toxicity to A549 cells [ 30 ].

A recent study compared the acute effects of e-cigarette vapor (with PG/vegetable glycerine plus tobacco flavouring but without nicotine) generated from stainless‐steel atomizer (SS) heating element or from a nickel‐chromium alloy (NC) [ 92 ]. Some rats received a single e-cigarette exposure for 2 h from a NC heating element (60 or 70 W); other rats received a similar exposure of e-cigarette vapor using a SS heating element for the same period of time (60 or 70 W) and, a final group of animals were exposed for 2 h to air. Neither the air‐exposed rats nor those exposed to e-cigarette vapor using SS heating elements developed respiratory distress. In contrast, 80% of the rats exposed to e-cigarette vapor using NC heating units developed clinical acute respiratory distress when a 70‐W power setting was employed. Thus, suggesting that operating units at higher than recommended settings can cause adverse effects. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the deleterious effects of battery output voltage are not comparable to those exerted by CS extracts [ 30 ] (Figs.  1 and 2 ).

E-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool

CS contains a large number of substances—about 7000 different constituents in total, with sizes ranging from atoms to particulate matter, and with many hundreds likely responsible for the harmful effects of this habit [ 93 ]. Given that tobacco is being substituted in great part by e-cigarettes with different chemical compositions, manufacturers claim that e -cigarette will not cause lung diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cardiovascular disorders often associated with conventional cigarette consumption [ 3 , 94 ]. However, the World Health Organisation suggests that e-cigarettes cannot be considered as a viable method to quit smoking, due to a lack of evidence [ 7 , 95 ]. Indeed, the results of studies addressing the use of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool remain controversial [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. Moreover, both FDA and CDC are actively investigating the incidence of severe respiratory symptoms associated with the use of vaping products [ 77 ]. Because many e-liquids contain nicotine, which is well known for its powerful addictive properties [ 41 ], e-cigarette users can easily switch to conventional cigarette smoking, avoiding smoking cessation. Nevertheless, the possibility of vaping nicotine-free e-cigarettes has led to the branding of these devices as smoking cessation tools [ 2 , 6 , 7 ].

In a recently published randomised trial of 886 subjects who were willing to quit smoking [ 100 ], the abstinence rate was found to be twice as high in the e-cigarette group than in the nicotine-replacement group (18.0% vs. 9.9%) after 1 year. Of note, the abstinence rate found in the nicotine-replacement group was lower than what is usually expected with this therapy. Nevertheless, the incidence of throat and mouth irritation was higher in the e-cigarette group than in the nicotine-replacement group (65.3% vs. 51.2%, respectively). Also, the participant adherence to the treatment after 1-year abstinence was significantly higher in the e-cigarette group (80%) than in nicotine-replacement products group (9%) [ 100 ].

On the other hand, it is estimated that COPD could become the third leading cause of death in 2030 [ 101 ]. Given that COPD is generally associated with smoking habits (approximately 15 to 20% of smokers develop COPD) [ 101 ], smoking cessation is imperative among COPD smokers. Published data revealed a clear reduction of conventional cigarette consumption in COPD smokers that switched to e-cigarettes [ 101 ]. Indeed, a significant reduction in exacerbations was observed and, consequently, the ability to perform physical activities was improved when data was compared with those non-vapers COPD smokers. Nevertheless, a longer follow-up of these COPD patients is required to find out whether they have quitted conventional smoking or even vaping, since the final goal under these circumstances is to quit both habits.

Based on the current literature, it seems that several factors have led to the success of e-cigarette use as a smoking cessation tool. First, some e-cigarette flavours positively affect smoking cessation outcomes among smokers [ 102 ]. Second, e-cigarettes have been described to improve smoking cessation rate only among highly-dependent smokers and not among conventional smokers, suggesting that the individual degree of nicotine dependence plays an important role in this process [ 97 ]. Third, the general belief of their relative harmfulness to consumers' health compared with conventional combustible tobacco [ 103 ]. And finally, the exposure to point-of-sale marketing of e-cigarette has also been identified to affect the smoking cessation success [ 96 ].

Implication of e-cigarette consumption in COVID-19 time

Different reports have pointed out that smokers and vapers are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infections or more prone to adverse outcomes if they suffer COVID-19 [ 104 ]. However, while a systematic review indicated that cigarette smoking is probably associated with enhanced damage from COVID-19, a meta-analysis did not, yet the latter had several limitations due to the small sample sizes [ 105 ].

Interestingly, most of these reports linking COVID-19 harmful effects with smoking or vaping, are based on their capability of increasing the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the lung. It is well known that ACE2 is the gate for SARS-CoV-2 entrance to the airways [ 106 ] and it is mainly expressed in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages [ 107 ]. To date, most of the studies in this field indicate that current smokers have higher expression of ACE2 in the airways (reviewed by [ 108 ]) than healthy non-smokers [ 109 , 110 ]. However, while a recent report indicated that e-cigarette vaping also caused nicotine-dependent ACE2 up-regulation [ 42 ], others have revealed that neither acute inhalation of e-cigarette vapour nor e-cigarette users had increased lung ACE2 expression regardless nicotine presence in the e-liquid [ 43 , 110 ].

In regard to these contentions, current knowledge suggests that increased ACE2 expression is not necessarily linked to enhanced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse outcome. Indeed, elderly population express lower levels of ACE2 than young people and SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 interaction further decreases ACE2 expression. In fact, most of the deaths provoked by COVID-19 took place in people over 60 years old of age [ 111 ]. Therefore, it is plausible that the increased susceptibility to disease progression and the subsequent fatal outcome in this population is related to poor angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-1-7) generation, the main peptide generated by ACE2, and probably to their inaccessibility to its anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, it seems that all the efforts towards increasing ACE2 expression may result in a better resolution of the pneumonic process associated to this pandemic disease.

Nevertheless, additional complications associated to COVID-19 are increased thrombotic events and cytokine storm. In the lungs, e-cigarette consumption has been correlated to toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response [ 32 , 112 ]. More recently, a study revealed that while the use of nicotine/flavour-containing e-cigarettes led to significant cytokine dysregulation and potential inflammasome activation, none of these effects were detected in non-flavoured and non-nicotine-containing e-cigarettes [ 43 ]. Therefore, taken together these observations, e-cigarette use may still be a potent risk factor for severe COVID-19 development depending on the flavour and nicotine content.

In summary, it seems that either smoking or nicotine vaping may adversely impact on COVID-19 outcome. However, additional follow up studies are required in COVID-19 pandemic to clarify the effect of e-cigarette use on lung and cardiovascular complications derived from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions

The harmful effects of CS and their deleterious consequences are both well recognised and widely investigated. However, and based on the studies carried out so far, it seems that e-cigarette consumption is less toxic than tobacco smoking. This does not necessarily mean, however, that e-cigarettes are free from hazardous effects. Indeed, studies investigating their long-term effects on human health are urgently required. In this regard, the main additional studies needed in this field are summarized in Table 3 .

The composition of e-liquids requires stricter regulation, as they can be easily bought online and many incidences of mislabelling have been detected, which can seriously affect consumers’ health. Beyond their unknown long-term effects on human health, the extended list of appealing flavours available seems to attract new “never-smokers”, which is especially worrying among young users. Additionally, there is still a lack of evidence of e-cigarette consumption as a smoking cessation method. Indeed, e-cigarettes containing nicotine may relieve the craving for smoking, but not the conventional cigarette smoking habit.

Interestingly, there is a strong difference of opinion on e-cigarettes between countries. Whereas countries such as Brazil, Uruguay and India have banned the sale of e-cigarettes , others such as the United Kingdom support this device to quit smoking. The increasing number of adolescent users and reported deaths in the United States prompted the government to ban the sale of flavoured e-cigarettes in 2020. The difference in opinion worldwide may be due to different restrictions imposed. For example, while no more than 20 ng/mL of nicotine is allowed in the EU, e-liquids with 59 mg/dL are currently available in the United States. Nevertheless, despite the national restrictions, users can easily access foreign or even counterfeit products online.

In regard to COVID-19 pandemic, the actual literature suggests that nicotine vaping may display adverse outcomes. Therefore, follow up studies are necessary to clarify the impact of e-cigarette consumption on human health in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In conclusion, e-cigarettes could be a good alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes, with less side effects; however, a stricter sale control, a proper regulation of the industry including flavour restriction, as well as further toxicological studies, including their chronic effects, are warranted.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

Angiotensin 1-7

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Cinnamaldehyde

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Carbon monoxide

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Coronavirus disease 2019

Cigarette smoke

Electronic nicotine dispensing systems

e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury

Food and Drug Administration

Gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor

High performance liquid chromatography

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Interleukin

Interferon γ

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

Matrix metallopeptidase 9

α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Nickel‐chromium alloy

Nitric oxide

Propylene glycol

Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted

Reactive oxygen species

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Stainless‐steel atomizer

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Tumour necrosis factor-α

Hiemstra PS, Bals R. Basic science of electronic cigarettes: assessment in cell culture and in vivo models. Respir Res. 2016;17(1):127.

Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   CAS   Google Scholar  

Bertholon JF, Becquemin MH, Annesi-Maesano I, Dautzenberg B. Electronic cigarettes: a short review. Respiration. 2013;86(5):433–8.

Article   CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Rowell TR, Tarran R. Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015;309(12):L1398–409.

Article   CAS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Herrington JS, Myers C. Electronic cigarette solutions and resultant aerosol profiles. J Chromatogr A. 2015;1418:192–9.

Hutzler C, Paschke M, Kruschinski S, Henkler F, Hahn J, Luch A. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch Toxicol. 2014;88(7):1295–308.

Pokhrel P, Herzog TA, Muranaka N, Fagan P. Young adult e-cigarette users’ reasons for liking and not liking e-cigarettes: a qualitative study. Psychol Health. 2015;30(12):1450–69.

Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Harrell PT, Simmons VN, Correa JB, Padhya TA, Brandon TH. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (“e-cigarettes”): review of safety and smoking cessation efficacy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;151(3):381–93.

Schober W, Szendrei K, Matzen W, Osiander-Fuchs H, Heitmann D, Schettgen T, et al. Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014;217(6):628–37.

Rubinstein ML, Delucchi K, Benowitz NL, Ramo DE. Adolescent exposure to toxic volatile organic chemicals from E-cigarettes. Pediatrics. 2018;141(4):e20173557.

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Staudt MR, Salit J, Kaner RJ, Hollmann C, Crystal RG. Altered lung biology of healthy never smokers following acute inhalation of E-cigarettes. Respir Res. 2018;19(1):78.

Nocella C, Biondi-Zoccai G, Sciarretta S, Peruzzi M, Pagano F, Loffredo L, et al. Impact of tobacco versus electronic cigarette smoking on platelet function. Am J Cardiol. 2018;122(9):1477–81.

Higham A, Rattray NJW, Dewhurst JA, Trivedi DK, Fowler SJ, Goodacre R, et al. Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses. Respir Res. 2016;17(1):56.

Antoniewicz L, Bosson JA, Kuhl J, Abdel-Halim SM, Kiessling A, Mobarrez F, et al. Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis. 2016;255:179–85.

Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Violi F, Nocella C, Loffredo L, Perri L, et al. Acute impact of tobacco vs electronic cigarette smoking on oxidative stress and vascular function. Chest. 2016;150(3):606–12.

Vlachopoulos C, Ioakeimidis N, Abdelrasoul M, Terentes-Printzios D, Georgakopoulos C, Pietri P, et al. Electronic cigarette smoking increases aortic stiffness and blood pressure in young smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(23):2802–3.

Franzen KF, Willig J, Cayo Talavera S, Meusel M, Sayk F, Reppel M, et al. E-cigarettes and cigarettes worsen peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness: a randomized, double-blinded pilot study. Vasc Med. 2018;23(5):419–25.

Caporale A, Langham MC, Guo W, Johncola A, Chatterjee S, Wehrli FW. Acute effects of electronic cigarette aerosol inhalation on vascular function detected at quantitative MRI. Radiology. 2019;293(1):97–106.

von Hundelshausen P, Schmitt MM. Platelets and their chemokines in atherosclerosis-clinical applications. Front Physiol. 2014;5:294.

Google Scholar  

Landmesser U, Hornig B, Drexler H. Endothelial function: a critical determinant in atherosclerosis? Circulation. 2004;109(21 Suppl 1):Ii27-33.

PubMed   Google Scholar  

Münzel T, Hahad O, Kuntic M, Keaney JF, Deanfield JE, Daiber A. Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:4057–70.

Javelle E. Electronic cigarette and vaping should be discouraged during the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94(6):2261–2.

Husari A, Shihadeh A, Talih S, Hashem Y, El Sabban M, Zaatari G. Acute exposure to electronic and combustible cigarette aerosols: effects in an animal model and in human alveolar cells. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016;18(5):613–9.

Zelikoff JT, Parmalee NL, Corbett K, Gordon T, Klein CB, Aschner M. Microglia activation and gene expression alteration of neurotrophins in the hippocampus following early-life exposure to E-cigarette aerosols in a murine model. Toxicol Sci. 2018;162(1):276–86.

Putzhammer R, Doppler C, Jakschitz T, Heinz K, Forste J, Danzl K, et al. Vapours of US and EU market leader electronic cigarette brands and liquids are cytotoxic for human vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0157337.

Bernhard D, Pfister G, Huck CW, Kind M, Salvenmoser W, Bonn GK, et al. Disruption of vascular endothelial homeostasis by tobacco smoke: impact on atherosclerosis. Faseb J. 2003;17(15):2302–4.

Newby DE, Wright RA, Labinjoh C, Ludlam CA, Fox KA, Boon NA, et al. Endothelial dysfunction, impaired endogenous fibrinolysis, and cigarette smoking: a mechanism for arterial thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1999;99(11):1411–5.

Taylor M, Jaunky T, Hewitt K, Breheny D, Lowe F, Fearon IM, et al. A comparative assessment of e-cigarette aerosols and cigarette smoke on in vitro endothelial cell migration. Toxicol Lett. 2017;277:123–8.

Herr C, Tsitouras K, Niederstraßer J, Backes C, Beisswenger C, Dong L, et al. Cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes differentially activate bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):67.

Alanazi H, Park HJ, Chakir J, Semlali A, Rouabhia M. Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;118:390–8.

Otreba M, Kosmider L. E-cigarettes: voltage- and concentration-dependent loss in human lung adenocarcinoma viability. J Appl Toxicol. 2018;38(8):1135–43.

Chaumont M, Bernard A, Pochet S, Melot C, El Khattabi C, Reye F, et al. High-wattage E-cigarettes induce tissue hypoxia and lower airway injury: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(1):123–6.

Chaumont M, van de Borne P, Bernard A, Van Muylem A, Deprez G, Ullmo J, et al. Fourth generation e-cigarette vaping induces transient lung inflammation and gas exchange disturbances: results from two randomized clinical trials. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2019;316(5):L705–19.

European Parliament and the council of the European Union. Directive 2014/40/EU. 2014 (updated April 29, 2014). https://ec.europa.eu/health//sites/health/files/tobacco/docs/dir_201440_en.pdf . Accessed 17 April 2020.

Cameron JM, Howell DN, White JR, Andrenyak DM, Layton ME, Roll JM. Variable and potentially fatal amounts of nicotine in e-cigarette nicotine solutions. Tob Control. 2014;23(1):77–8.

Hahn J, Monakhova YB, Hengen J, Kohl-Himmelseher M, Schussler J, Hahn H, et al. Electronic cigarettes: overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation. Tob Induc Dis. 2014;12(1):23.

Omaiye EE, Cordova I, Davis B, Talbot P. Counterfeit electronic cigarette products with mislabeled nicotine concentrations. Tob Regul Sci. 2017;3(3):347–57.

Buettner-Schmidt K, Miller DR, Balasubramanian N. Electronic cigarette refill liquids: child-resistant packaging, nicotine content, and sales to minors. J Pediatr Nurs. 2016;31(4):373–9.

Jackson R, Huskey M, Brown S. Labelling accuracy in low nicotine e-cigarette liquids from a sampling of US manufacturers. Int J Pharm Pract. 2019;28(3):290–4.

Yingst JM, Foulds J, Veldheer S, Hrabovsky S, Trushin N, Eissenberg TT, et al. Nicotine absorption during electronic cigarette use among regular users. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0220300.

Farsalinos KE, Romagna G, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulos S, Voudris V. Evaluation of electronic cigarette use (vaping) topography and estimation of liquid consumption: implications for research protocol standards definition and for public health authorities’ regulation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10(6):2500–14.

Mishra A, Chaturvedi P, Datta S, Sinukumar S, Joshi P, Garg A. Harmful effects of nicotine. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2015;36(1):24–31.

Wang Q, Sundar IK, Li D, Lucas JH, Muthumalage T, McDonough SR, et al. E-cigarette-induced pulmonary inflammation and dysregulated repair are mediated by nAChR α7 receptor: role of nAChR α7 in SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19 ACE2 receptor regulation. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):154.

Lee AC, Chakladar J, Li WT, Chen C, Chang EY, Wang-Rodriguez J, et al. Tobacco, but not nicotine and flavor-less electronic cigarettes, induces ACE2 and immune dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(15):5513.

Article   CAS   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

England LJ, Bunnell RE, Pechacek TF, Tong VT, McAfee TA. Nicotine and the developing human: a neglected element in the electronic cigarette debate. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(2):286–93.

Yuan M, Cross SJ, Loughlin SE, Leslie FM. Nicotine and the adolescent brain. J Physiol. 2015;593(16):3397–412.

Holbrook BD. The effects of nicotine on human fetal development. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2016;108(2):181–92.

Sanner T, Grimsrud TK. Nicotine: carcinogenicity and effects on response to cancer treatment—a review. Front Oncol. 2015;5:196.

Waldum HL, Nilsen OG, Nilsen T, Rørvik H, Syversen V, Sanvik AK, et al. Long-term effects of inhaled nicotine. Life Sci. 1996;58(16):1339–46.

Cucina A, Dinicola S, Coluccia P, Proietti S, D’Anselmi F, Pasqualato A, et al. Nicotine stimulates proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines through activation of survival pathways. J Surg Res. 2012;178(1):233–41.

Wu SY, Xing F, Sharma S, Wu K, Tyagi A, Liu Y, et al. Nicotine promotes brain metastasis by polarizing microglia and suppressing innate immune function. J Exp Med. 2020;217(8):e20191131.

Roemer E, Stabbert R, Rustemeier K, Veltel DJ, Meisgen TJ, Reininghaus W, et al. Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of smoke from US commercial and reference cigarettes smoked under two sets of machine smoking conditions. Toxicology. 2004;195(1):31–52.

Mayer B. How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self-experiments in the nineteenth century. Arch Toxicol. 2014;88(1):5–7.

Brown CJ, Cheng JM. Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations. Tob Control. 2014;23(Suppl 2):ii4-10.

Food and Drug Administration. SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances). 2019 (updated April 29, 2019). https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/index.cfm?set=SCOGS&sort=Sortsubstance&order=ASC&startrow=251&type=basic&search= . Accessed 14 April 2020.

Wieslander G, Norback D, Lindgren T. Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: acute ocular and respiratory effects. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(10):649–55.

Choi H, Schmidbauer N, Sundell J, Hasselgren M, Spengler J, Bornehag CG. Common household chemicals and the allergy risks in pre-school age children. PLoS One. 2010;5(10):e13423.

Kienhuis AS, Soeteman-Hernandez LG, Bos PMJ, Cremers HWJM, Klerx WN, Talhout R. Potential harmful health effects of inhaling nicotine-free shisha-pen vapor: a chemical risk assessment of the main components propylene glycol and glycerol. Tob Induc Dis. 2015;13(1):15.

Renne RA, Wehner AP, Greenspan BJ, Deford HS, Ragan HA, Westerberg RB, et al. 2-Week and 13-week inhalation studies of aerosolized glycerol in rats. Inhal Toxicol. 1992;4(2):95–111.

Article   CAS   Google Scholar  

Behar R, Wang Y, Talbot P. Comparing the cytotoxicity of electronic cigarette fluids, aerosols and solvents. Tob Control. 2018;27(3):325.

Massarsky A, Abdel A, Glazer L, Levin ED, Di Giulio RT. Neurobehavioral effects of 1,2-propanediol in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicology. 2018;65:111–24.

Geiss O, Bianchi I, Barrero-Moreno J. Correlation of volatile carbonyl yields emitted by e-cigarettes with the temperature of the heating coil and the perceived sensorial quality of the generated vapours. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016;219(3):268–77.

Counts ME, Morton MJ, Laffoon SW, Cox RH, Lipowicz PJ. Smoke composition and predicting relationships for international commercial cigarettes smoked with three machine-smoking conditions. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005;41(3):185–227.

Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Formaldehyde. 2019 (updated September 26, 2019). https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp.asp?id=220&tid=39 . Accessed 9 April 2020.

Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Acrolein. 2019 (updated September 26, 2019). https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/TP.asp?id=557&tid=102 . Accessed 9 April 2020

Moghe A, Ghare S, Lamoreau B, Mohammad M, Barve S, McClain C, et al. Molecular mechanisms of acrolein toxicity: relevance to human disease. Toxicol Sci. 2015;143(2):242–55.

Seitz HK, Stickel F. Acetaldehyde as an underestimated risk factor for cancer development: role of genetics in ethanol metabolism. Genes Nutr. 2010;5(2):121–8.

Faroon O, Roney N, Taylor J, Ashizawa A, Lumpkin MH, Plewak DJ. Acrolein health effects. Toxicol Ind Health. 2008;24(7):447–90.

Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23(2):133–9.

Farsalinos KE, Voudris V. Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes? Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;115:212–7.

Kavvalakis MP, Stivaktakis PD, Tzatzarakis MN, Kouretas D, Liesivuori J, Alegakis AK, et al. Multicomponent analysis of replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes using chromatographic techniques. J Anal Toxicol. 2015;39(4):262–9.

Etter JF, Zather E, Svensson S. Analysis of refill liquids for electronic cigarettes. Addiction. 2013;108(9):1671–9.

Etter JF, Bugey A. E-cigarette liquids: constancy of content across batches and accuracy of labeling. Addict Behav. 2017;73:137–43.

Varlet V, Farsalinos K, Augsburger M, Thomas A, Etter JF. Toxicity assessment of refill liquids for electronic cigarettes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(5):4796–815.

McAuley TR, Hopke PK, Zhao J, Babaian S. Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality. Inhal Toxicol. 2012;24(12):850–7.

Cullen KA, Gentzke AS, Sawdey MD, Chang JT, Anic GM, Wang TW, et al. e-Cigarette use among youth in the United States, 2019. JAMA. 2019;322(21):2095–103.

Villanti AC, Johnson AL, Ambrose BK, Cummings KM, Stanton CA, Rose SW, et al. Flavored tobacco product use in youth and adults: findings from the first wave of the PATH Study (2013–2014). Am J Prev Med. 2017;53(2):139–51.

Food and Drug Administration. Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) 2020 (updated April 13, 2020). https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/vaporizers-e-cigarettes-and-other-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-ends . Accessed 15 April 2020

Omaiye EE, McWhirter KJ, Luo W, Tierney PA, Pankow JF, Talbot P. High concentrations of flavor chemicals are present in electronic cigarette refill fluids. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):2468.

Bahl V, Lin S, Xu N, Davis B, Wang YH, Talbot P. Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models. Reprod Toxicol. 2012;34(4):529–37.

Behar R, Davis B, Wang Y, Bahl V, Lin S, Talbot P. Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids. Toxicol In Vitro. 2014;28(2):198–208.

Morgan DL, Flake GP, Kirby PJ, Palmer SM. Respiratory toxicity of diacetyl in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Sci. 2008;103(1):169–80.

Hubbs AF, Cumpston AM, Goldsmith WT, Battelli LA, Kashon ML, Jackson MC, et al. Respiratory and olfactory cytotoxicity of inhaled 2,3-pentanedione in Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Pathol. 2012;181(3):829–44.

Vas CA, Porter A, Mcadam K. Acetoin is a precursor to diacetyl in e-cigarette liquids. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;133:110727.

Allen JG, Flanigan SS, LeBlanc M, Vallarino J, MacNaughton P, Stewart JH, et al. Flavoring chemicals in E-cigarettes: diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetoin in a sample of 51 products, including fruit-, candy-, and cocktail-flavored E-cigarettes. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(6):733–9.

Park RM, Gilbert SJ. Pulmonary impairment and risk assessment in a diacetyl-exposed population: microwave popcorn workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2018;60(6):496–506.

Muthumalage T, Prinz M, Ansah KO, Gerloff J, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Inflammatory and oxidative responses induced by exposure to commonly used e-cigarette flavoring chemicals and flavored e-liquids without nicotine. Front Physiol. 2017;8:1130.

Sherwood CL, Boitano S. Airway epithelial cell exposure to distinct e-cigarette liquid flavorings reveals toxicity thresholds and activation of CFTR by the chocolate flavoring 2,5-dimethypyrazine. Respir Res. 2016;17(1):57.

Pinkston R, Zaman H, Hossain E, Penn AL, Noël A. Cell-specific toxicity of short-term JUUL aerosol exposure to human bronchial epithelial cells and murine macrophages exposed at the air–liquid interface. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):269.

Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, Lin S, Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57987.

Mikheev VB, Brinkman MC, Granville CA, Gordon SM, Clark PI. Real-time measurement of electronic cigarette aerosol size distribution and metals content analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016;18(9):1895–902.

Williams M, Bozhilov K, Ghai S, Talbot P. Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175430.

Kleinman MT, Arechavala RJ, Herman D, Shi J, Hasen I, Ting A, et al. E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury produced in an animal model from electronic cigarette vapor exposure without tetrahydrocannabinol or vitamin E oil. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(18):e017368.

Patnode CD, Henderson JT, Thompson JH, Senger CA, Fortmann SP, Whitlock EP. Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(8):608–21.

Messner B, Bernhard D. Smoking and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(3):509–15.

Bansal V, Kim K-H. Review on quantitation methods for hazardous pollutants released by e-cigarette (EC) smoking. Trends Analyt Chem. 2016;78:120–33.

Mantey DS, Pasch KE, Loukas A, Perry CL. Exposure to point-of-sale marketing of cigarettes and E-cigarettes as predictors of smoking cessation behaviors. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(2):212–9.

Selya AS, Dierker L, Rose JS, Hedeker D, Mermelstein RJ. The role of nicotine dependence in E-cigarettes’ potential for smoking reduction. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018;20(10):1272–7.

Kalkhoran S, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4(2):116–28.

Levy DT, Yuan Z, Luo Y, Abrams DB. The relationship of e-cigarette use to cigarette quit attempts and cessation: insights from a large, nationally representative U.S. survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;20(8):931–9.

Article   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, Pesola F, Myers Smith K, Bisal N, et al. A randomized trial of E-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(7):629–37.

Polosa R, Morjaria JB, Caponnetto P, Prosperini U, Russo C, Pennisi A, et al. Evidence for harm reduction in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes. Respir Res. 2016;17(1):166.

Litt MD, Duffy V, Oncken C. Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings. Tob Control. 2016;25(Suppl 2):ii67–72.

Palmer AM, Brandon TH. How do electronic cigarettes affect cravings to smoke or vape? Parsing the influences of nicotine and expectancies using the balanced-placebo design. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018;86(5):486–91.

Majmundar A, Allem JP, Cruz TB, Unger JB. Public health concerns and unsubstantiated claims at the intersection of vaping and COVID-19. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1667–8.

Berlin I, Thomas D, Le Faou A-L, Cornuz J. COVID-19 and smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1650–2.

Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh C-L, Abiona O, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020;367(6483):1260–3.

Wang K, Gheblawi M, Oudit GY. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2: A Double-Edged Sword. Circulation. 2020;142(5):426–8.

Sharma P, Zeki AA. Does vaping increase susceptibility to COVID-19? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(7):1055–6.

Brake SJ, Barnsley K, Lu W, McAlinden KD, Eapen MS, Sohal SS. Smoking upregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor: a potential adhesion site for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). J Clin Med. 2020;9(3):841.

Zhang H, Rostamim MR, Leopold PL, Mezey JG, O’Beirne SL, Strulovici-Barel Y, et al. Reply to sharma and zeki: does vaping increase susceptibility to COVID-19? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(7):1056–7.

Cheng H, Wang Y, Wang GQ. Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):726–30.

Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Yao H, Gerloff J, Ossip DJ, McIntosh S, et al. Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(2):e0116732.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Cruz González, Pulmonologist at University Clinic Hospital of Valencia (Valencia, Spain) for her thoughtful suggestions and support.

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [Grant Number SAF2017-89714-R]; Carlos III Health Institute [Grant Numbers PIE15/00013, PI18/00209]; Generalitat Valenciana [Grant Number PROMETEO/2019/032, Gent T CDEI-04/20-A and AICO/2019/250], and the European Regional Development Fund.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain

Patrice Marques, Laura Piqueras & Maria-Jesus Sanz

Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain

Laura Piqueras & Maria-Jesus Sanz

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors discussed and agreed to the scope of the manuscript and contributed to the development of the manuscript at all stages. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria-Jesus Sanz .

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate, consent for publication, competing interests.

The authors of the manuscript declare no conflicts of interest and take sole responsibility for the writing and content of the manuscript. None of the authors have been involved in legal or regulatory matters related to the contents of this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Marques, P., Piqueras, L. & Sanz, MJ. An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respir Res 22 , 151 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5

Download citation

Received : 22 October 2020

Accepted : 03 May 2021

Published : 18 May 2021

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Electronic cigarette
• E-cigarette
• Flavourings
• Smoking cessation tool

Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

• Submission enquiries: [email protected]
• General enquiries: [email protected]

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings
• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• HHS Author Manuscripts

Vaping epidemic: challenges and opportunities

Ahmad besaratinia.

1 Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

Stella Tommasi

Author Contributions

This article is a timely, concise, and unbiased analysis of the national and international responses to the spate of vaping-related lung illnesses and deaths and the epidemic of teen vaping. In view of the recent outbreak of vaping-related lung injuries and deaths in the U.S. and the epidemic of teen vaping, the viewpoints and recommendations presented in this article have immediate policy implications in the U.S. and around the world. The perspectives and recommendations are expected to assist medical communities, public health professionals, and regulatory authorities in addressing complex issues related to vaping regulation, which is intertwined with public health, economy, and politics of nations, worldwide.

1. Introduction

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use, otherwise known as ‘vaping’, is promoted as a safe or less-harmful alternative to smoking or as an aide to smoking cessation [ 1 ]. Since the introduction of e-cigs into the U.S. market over a decade ago, the appeal and popularity of vaping have significantly increased [ 2 ]. Accordingly, there has been a massive and steady rise in vaping prevalence, especially among adolescent never smokers and adult smokers seeking a putatively less-harmful tobacco substitute [ 3 ]. Meanwhile, the number and type of e-cig products have increased exponentially, albeit little or no systematic regulation of sales has been in place [ 4 ].

E-cigs are handheld battery-powered vaporizing devices that simulate tobacco smoking by heating a liquid to produce an inhalable aerosol (vapor) [ 5 ]. The liquid, also referred to as ‘e-liquid/e-juice’, contains a mixture of propylene glycol, glycerin, flavors, nicotine at variable concentrations (incl. zero), and other substances and additives, e.g. , cannabinoids (optional), such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinoid (CBD) oils [ 1 ]. Of note, THS is the main psychoactive mind-altering compound in marijuana that produces the infamous “high”. In recent years, significant increases in marijuana vaping have been reported, especially among U.S. adolescents [ 6 , 7 ]. Vaping replicates some of the behavioral aspects of cigarette smoking, including the hand-to-mouth action, but without burning tobacco, which is responsible for production of a myriad of toxicants and carcinogens. Because vapor in e-cigs is not produced as a result of tobacco pyrolysis, vaping is claimed to be, at best, a safe, and at worst, a less unhealthy alternative to smoking [ 1 ]. However, chemical analyses of e-cig liquid and vapor have shown the presence of many of the same toxicants and carcinogens as those found in tobacco smoke, albeit in generally lower concentrations [ 2 , 4 ]. Currently, investigating the biological consequences of exposure to e-cig derived toxicants and carcinogens is a high priority research area [ 8 ].

2. Epidemic of teen vaping

Recent data from National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) Monitoring the Future Survey show a significant rise in American teens’ use of e-cigs in just a single year, with 37.3% of 12 th graders reporting use in the past 12 months, compared to 27.8% in 2017 [ 9 , 10 ]. The data from the NIH survey confirm the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey, which demonstrates a surge in e-cig use among youth, reaching epidemic proportions [ 11 ]. The number of high school students who use e-cigs has increased by 78% last year to approximately 3.6 millions, which correspond to about 21% of all U.S. high school students. Similarly, use among middle school students has risen by 48% [ 11 ]. Due to these alarming trends, many experts in public health and tobacco control have voiced concerns that we might be on the verge of addicting a new generation to the harmful effects of nicotine use.

3. Vaping-related severe lung injury and death

In the past several months, the health concerns about vaping have escalated to an unprecedented level both in the United States and around the world. Since August 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and other clinical and public health partners have been dealing with a nation-wide outbreak of vaping-related severe lung illnesses, also referred to as “ e -cig, or v aping, product use- a ssociated l ung i njury (EVALI)”. National and state data have shown a sharp increase in symptoms or cases of EVALI in August 2019, a peak in September 2019, and a gradual, but persistent decrease since then. As of February 18, 2020, a total of 2,807 hospitalized EVALI cases or deaths have been reported to CDC from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and two U.S. territories, including Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands. Sixty-eight deaths have been confirmed in 29 states and the District of Columbia. Analysis of data from patient reports and product sample testing have revealed that THC-emulsified with vitamin E acetate-containing e-cigs or vaping products, especially those obtained from informal sources like friends, family, or in-person or online dealers, are strongly linked to EVALI. As such, Vitamin E acetate has been detected in product samples tested by FDA and state laboratories and in EVALI patients’ lung fluid samples (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)) tested by CDC from geographically diverse states. In contrast, no vitamin E acetate has been found in the lung fluid of people who did not have EVALI. As it stands, there is not sufficient evidence to rule out the contribution of other chemical constituents of THC- or non-THC-containing vaping products to some of the reported EVALI cases. In light of the above findings, the continued decline in EVALI cases reported since September 2019 have been ascribed to (I) increased public awareness of the risk associated with THC-containing e-cigs or vaping products; (II) removal of vitamin E acetate from some vaping products; and (III) law enforcement actions taken against the sale and distribution of illicit e-cigs and vaping products [ 12 ].

4. National and international reactions to the call for e-cig regulation

Worldwide, backlash against e-cig use is gaining more momentum. On Wednesday September 18, 2019, India joined the list of countries to effectively ban the sale, import, advertising, and production of e-cigs [ 13 ]. An emergency ordinance, to be converted into law by the parliament, was approved by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. According to this executive order, first-time offenders will face up to one year in prison and a fine of 100,000 rupees (~$1,400), while repeat offenders will be sentenced to 3 years in prison and 500,000 rupees (~$7,000) fine. Simply possessing e-cigs or similar devices will also be an offense, punishable by up to 6 months imprisonment and a fine of up to 50,000 rupees (~$700) [ 13 ].

Thus far, 42 other countries have banned e-cig sale, 55 countries allow sale but have put restrictions on where and how e-cig products can be sold, while 30 countries regulate the amount of nicotine used in e-cig devices [ 14 ]. For example, Singapore has an outright ban on e-cigs, whereas Japan allows sale and distribution of non-nicotine e-cigs and “heat-not-burn” tobacco products. Because liquid nicotine is highly regulated in Japan, vaping devices with nicotine-containing e-juices are banned; however, non-nicotine e-cigs and heated smoking devices, e.g. , “I Quit Original Smoking” (IQOS), are widely marketed and sold. Legislation on e-cigs is also being tightened in other countries; in July 2019, China, home to nearly one-third of the world’s smokers (300 million Chinese smoke tobacco), announced a need for “severely strengthening the supervision of e-cig”. Just days prior to the India’s ban on e-cigs, vaping products from Juul, the San Francisco based world’s largest maker of e-cigs with 72% of the market share, were mysteriously vanished from online Chinese marketplaces [ 14 ]. India’s ban also came on the heels of New York becoming the first U.S. state to ban flavored vape products on September 17, 2019. A similar emergency directive has earlier been approved in Michigan, and is expected to go into effects in a few weeks’ time. However, the New York state’s emergency ban on flavored vaping products was later challenged in court by the Vapor Technology Association, an industry group, and two of its member businesses. The request for injunction against enforcing the ban argued that it would force vaping businesses across the state to close. In January 2020, Acting State Supreme Court Justice, Catherine Cholakis, blocked the ban by ruling that the state Public Health and Health Planning Council overstepped its authority last September when it issued the emergency ban. In her ruling, Judge Cholakis stated that regulating the vaping industry is a job for the state Legislature, not the executive branch, whose function is to implement policy set by lawmakers. Kyle Kotary, a spokesman for Governor Andrew Cuomo (D), called Cholakis’ decision “unfortunate ” but added that the judge had acknowledged the seriousness of the vaping issue in her ruling. “That said, we’re reviewing the decision, evaluating our procedural options and moving forward with comprehensive legislation to address the public health concerns related to vaping,” the Governor’s spokesman, also stated.

On Wednesday September 11, 2019, Donald Trump announced his administration’s plan for a ban on most flavored e-cig products believed to be responsible for teen vaping, and the issuance of the FDA’s guidance on how to take these products off the market [ 15 ]. In response, industry and political allies warned that such a ban would cost thousands of jobs and alienate voters. Two days later, Trump quickly dialed back and softened his rhetoric by tweeting that “While I like the Vaping alternative to Cigarettes, we need to make sure this alternative is SAFE for ALL! Let’s get counterfeits off the market, and keep young children from Vaping!”. In November 2019, he further backtracked after a White House meeting with tobacco industry giants, vaping advocates, and public health groups. On January 2, 2020, the Trump Administration finally announced a ban on some—but not all—flavored e-cig products, in a compromise that sparked criticism from both vaping advocates and adversaries. The limited ban applies to the cartridge-based e-cig devices manufactured by companies like Juul Labs, which are highly popular among teenagers. Under this ban, companies are prohibited from selling sweet and fruity flavored vape pods and e-liquid cartridges, whilst menthol and tobacco flavored products as well as larger, open-tank vaping systems, which users can manually fill with e-liquids of their choice, remain exempt.

In countries where e-cig use is encouraged as a way to quit smoking, the news of spate of U.S. deaths and pulmonary illnesses associated with vaping drew a different reaction. On September 12, 2019, Public Health England (PHE), the country’s leading health body, shared its advice by stating that: “Our advice on e-cigarettes remains unchanged - vaping isn’t completely risk free but is far less harmful than smoking tobacco. There is no situation where it would be better for your health to continue smoking rather than switching completely to vaping. All UK e-cigarette products are tightly regulated for quality and safety by @MHRAgovuk. It’s important to use UK-regulated e-liquids and never risk vaping home-made or illicit e-liquids or adding substances, any of which could be harmful. Smoking kills thousands eveiy year and creating a smoke free generation is one of oar top priorities. Vaping is a fraction of the risk of smoking and makes it much more likely you’ll quit successfully than relying on willpower alone. The sooner you stop smoking completely the better.” The PHE’s advice echoed remarks from its head of Tobacco Control, Martin Dockrell, who had earlier told the Guardian: “Unlike the US, all e-cigarette products in the UK are tightly regulated for quality and safety by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency and they operate the yellow card scheme, encouraging vapers to report any bad experiences” [ 16 ].

5. Challenges and opportunities of e-cig regulation

The epidemic of teen vaping and the outbreak of vaping-related lung injuries and deaths in the U.S. underscore the urgent need to systematically regulate e-cig manufacturing, marketing, and distribution. However, development of plausible and effective vaping regulations and most importantly, their enforcement are likely to present unique challenges to different countries across the globe. The challenges may vary depending on the legal, regulatory, economic, and sociopolitical contexts of each nation. For example, India’s ban on e-cigs raises the importance of transparency when authorities decide to address a highly ‘complex’ problem. According to various officials, the government’s decision to ban vaping has been in the making for the past two years, and is based, at least, in part, on a white paper by the Indian Council of Medical Research (hardly an ally of the tobacco companies), which warns against the net negative impact e-cigs have on public health and the threat they pose to future generations. Notwithstanding those statements, accusations and suspicions have been floating around the government’s motive in imposing a ban on vaping. India has one of the highest rates of tobacco use in the world, with 106 million adult smokers (second only to China) and another 200 million users of chewing tobacco and other such products [ 17 ]. The government owns 28% of I.T.C. Limited (ITC, Ltd), a leading manufacturer of cigarettes, which means it directly profits from cigarette sales and high taxes, while also earning immense revenues from exporting $1 billion-worth of tobacco, annually [ 13 , 14 ]. Conversely, India’s vaping market, which is relatively small and valued at $15.6 millions, relies exclusively on imported vaping products [ 14 ]. As a source of revenue for the government, the latter clearly pales into insignificance compared to the locally grown tobacco and the associated industry. Skepticism has also been high as to why the government is bent on banning e-cigs whilst tobacco cigarettes and bidis (traditional small, thin, hand-rolled cigarettes wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf), which are proven to kill one million Indians per year [ 17 ], remain exempt. Not only that, the government continues to encourage and subsidize tobacco farming. With 45.7 million people whose livelihoods depend on the tobacco sector [ 14 ], the Indian government should embrace this ‘opportunity’ to make a compelling case that the push for e-cig ban was solely to protect the health and wellbeing of the population, and not economically driven nor to appease a large voting bloc.

Globally, 35 million people are estimated to use e-cigs or “heat-not-burn” tobacco products [ 17 , 14 ]. Although the global market for e-cigs is still small compared to tobacco cigarettes, it is growing very swiftly. Last year, worldwide sales of tobacco cigarettes reached more than $713 billions, compared to $15.7 billions for e-cigs. By 2023, the sales of vaping products are projected to more than double to $40 billions, while cigarette sales are expected to decline slightly [ 17 , 14 ]. Governments around the world are facing the predicament of how to best deal with the epidemic of vaping. An ideal solution would entail improving the public’s health, as the first and foremost priority, while avoiding compromising the nations’ economy, causing social backlash or political fallout, and getting engulfed by a tsunami of litigations, most certainly, to be brought by vaping industry, tobacco companies, and other stakeholders. Presumably, commercial interests in both marketing of e-cig products and delaying/blocking vaping regulations will be a driving factor in most, if not, all countries involved.

6. Concluding remarks and future directions

The Latin phrase “scientia potentia est” (translation: “knowledge is power”) is a reminder that gaining knowledge on various aspects of vaping can empower us to solve the ‘complex’ problem of “to vape or not to vape”. Philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist, George Santayana, famously said: “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Let’s remind ourselves of Santayana’s phrase and learn from the history of tobacco regulation and smoking prevention. Throughout the years, development of effective regulations on tobacco products leading to successful declines in smoking rates has always been interwoven with scientific breakthroughs providing ‘compelling’ evidence on the adverse health consequences of smoking [ 17 ]. Thus, evidence-based regulations and scientifically driven recommendations on vaping will not only be more effective, sensible, and enforceable, but they will also minimize/eliminate the risk of unintended outcomes, such as inadvertently turning e-cigs into a “prohibitos autem fructum” (translation: forbidden fruit). While research data are accumulating on the adverse biological effects of e-cig use [ 18 – 20 ]. evidence is also emerging on the efficacy of vaping combined with behavioral therapy in helping smokers quit [ 21 ] (although initial studies have produced mixed results [ 22 ]). The existing data clearly demonstrate that vaping is not risk free. This together with the growing concern that vaping may lead to nicotine addiction and smoking, especially among youth, underlines the importance of investigating the health risks associated with vaping. The health-risk profile of vaping should be determined both in absolute terms (to inform never-smokers of potential risks posed by vaping) and relative to smoking (to inform smokers about the relative risk of vaping to smoking). Let’s keep a fair and open mind while continuing our important research on the health risks or potential benefits of vaping vs. smoking. An unbiased and balanced interpretation of the findings will ensure the scientific integrity of our work and the effectiveness of their implications for regulatory purposes. Towards that goal, our hope is that the present article has offered readers with a concise and unbiased presentation of the stances taken by ‘both’ sides of the debate on vaping regulation, which is all but certain to impact public health, economy, and politics of nations, worldwide.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health (1R01DE026043 to AB) and the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP-28IR-0058 to AB and TRDRP-26IP-0051 to ST). The sponsors of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the report, or in the decision to submit for publication.

Financial disclosure: No financial disclosures are reported by the authors of this paper.

Publisher's Disclaimer: This Author Accepted Manuscript is a PDF file of an unedited peer-reviewed manuscript that has been accepted for publication but has not been copyedited or corrected. The official version of record that is published in the journal is kept up to date and so may therefore differ from this version.

Conflict of interest statement: Both authors (AB and ST) declare that there are no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest.

Conflicts of Interest Statement

Both authors (A.B. and S.T.) declare no conflict of interest.

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock A locked padlock ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

VAPING PREVENTION & EDUCATION

Project: “vaping's not our thing”, project planner.

Guide your students through these steps to prepare their project so they can help keep other teens stay safe and healthy!

Visit Vaping 101 in the student section to gather facts about addiction and the dangers of vaping. Find more information in The Risks of Vaping Magazine and explore the Must-Know Facts About E⁠-⁠Cigarettes videos for more data.

Have your students summarize what they have learned by answering the questions below:

• How can vaping lead to addiction?
• Why are teens more at risk for addiction than adults?
• What are the signs of a vaping addiction?
• What other health risks do e⁠-⁠cigarettes pose?
• What advice would you give teens about vaping?
• What can someone do if they become addicted to vaping?

Use the project rubric to help your students create their poster or infographic. Ask your students the questions below throughout their creative process. As they plan, have your students write and/or draw, and edit their work.

• How well does the entry focus on the dangers of vaping to teens?
• Does it contain enough information so that viewers will understand the risks?
• Is the information scientifically accurate?
• How well does the entry grab attention?
• How persuasive are the imagery, language, and facts?
• How original and inventive are the entry's visuals and/or words?
• Is the entry neat and readable with correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation?

Encourage your students to share their poster or infographic with friends or family. Use their feedback to edit and improve their entry. Then, hang it up around the school or in your classroom to spread the word to other teens on the dangers of vaping.

PROJECT RUBRIC: "Vaping's Not Our Thing"

The rubric below can help your students determine how successful their poster or infographic will be. Ask your students the questions below throughout their creative process. As they plan, have your students write and/or draw, and edit their work.

1. SCIENTIFIC CONTENT - 10PTS

2. impact & persuasiveness - 10pts, 3. creativity - 5pts, 4. presentation - 5pts.

RESOURCES INFORMATION LIBRARY

Research, data & articles.

This resource is collection of the best and latest research on vaping and other reduced-harm products, medical journal articles, as well as journalistic pieces organized by topic that contain valuable data, information, and perspectives on tobacco harm reduction, vaping, and safer nicotine products.

Our intention is update this resource with additional sources as they become available, so please check back often.

Jump to Topic…

Science // Smoking Cessation Science // Harm Reduction Science // Health Effects Science // Flavors Science // Youth Usage Science // Smokeless Tobacco Science // Regulatory Effects News // Smoking Cessation News // Harm Reduction News // COVID-19 News // EVALI News // Youth Usage News // Social Justice News // Taxes News // Tobacco Control

Highlighted Resources

These resources are some of the highest rated, latest research on vaping.

Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes

Nicotine without smoke: tobacco harm reduction, electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation, a randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy, educational videos, recommended videos, what vaping did.

Vaping: what people are getting wrong | The Economist

Vaping: a more balanced message | Michigan Public Health

Why bans of low-risk nicotine alternatives to smoking in lmic's will do more harm than good, vaping demystified.

The E-Cigarette Summit 2019, London | Ethan Nadelman Presentation

Why Health Groups Lie About Vaping

Vaporized: U.K. Government Promotes Vaping As Smoking Cessation Tool | CNBC Prime

Marc Slis, Vape Shop Owner - Michigan Testimony

Recommended reading.

Stop Smoking Start Vaping

Dr. Colin Mendelsohn

Velvet Glove, Iron Fist

Christopher Snowden

The Rediscovery of Tobacco

Jacob Grier

The Cigarette Century

Allan M. Brandt

The Cigarette

Sarah Milov

Cigarette Wars

Cassandra Tate

Sander L. Gilman & Zhou Xun

Cigarettes Are Sublime

Richard Klein

For Smokers Only

Ashes to Ashes

Richard Kluger

Say Why To Drugs

Dr. Suzi Gage

Scientific Research / Articles

Smoking cessation, harm reduction, health effects, youth usage, smokeless tobacco, regulatory effects, news media / blog articles, social justice, tobacco control.

This site uses functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience.

Privacy settings

Privacy Settings

This site uses functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience. Which cookies and scripts are used and how they impact your visit is specified on the left. You may change your settings at any time. Your choices will not impact your visit.

NOTE: These settings will only apply to the browser and device you are currently using.

Google Analytics

By continuing to browse or by clicking ‘Accept’, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance your site experience and for analytical purposes.

How to Quit Smoking

How to stop self-medicating depression, anxiety, and stress, underage drinking and teen alcohol use, choosing an alcohol rehab treatment program, staying social when you quit drinking, women and alcohol.

• Binge Drinking: Effects, Causes, and Help

Helping Someone with a Drug Addiction

• Online Therapy: Is it Right for You?
• Mental Health
• Health & Wellness
• Children & Family
• Relationships

Are you or someone you know in crisis?

• Bipolar Disorder
• Eating Disorders
• Grief & Loss
• Personality Disorders
• PTSD & Trauma
• Schizophrenia
• Therapy & Medication
• Exercise & Fitness
• Healthy Eating
• Well-being & Happiness
• Weight Loss
• Work & Career
• Illness & Disability
• Heart Health
• Childhood Issues
• Learning Disabilities
• Family Caregiving
• Teen Issues
• Communication
• Emotional Intelligence
• Love & Friendship
• Domestic Abuse
• Healthy Aging
• Aging Issues
• Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia
• Senior Housing
• End of Life
• Meet Our Team
• Jeanne Segal, Ph.D.
• Harvard Health Partnership
• Audio Meditations

What is vaping?

Vaping vs smoking, other vaping side effects, how to quit vaping, quitting vaping tip 1: identify and manage triggers, tip 2: prepare for cravings and withdrawal, tip 3: find support, tips for parents of children who vape, how to talk to your teen about vaping, how to help your child quit vaping, vaping: the health risks and how to quit.

Using e-cigarettes and other vape devices can lead to nicotine addiction and expose you to dangerous toxins. Learn more about how it compares to smoking, the unique risks young people face, and how to quit the habit.

Vaping involves inhaling the vapor from an e-cigarette, e-pipe, vape pod, vape pen, or similar device. Many kids and teens look at vaping and see a harmless activity. You might think that it’s essentially just flavored steam that helps you relax. Or you might believe that vaping is so common among people your own age that the dangers must be overblown.

It’s true that vaping is an increasingly common habit among young people. In a 2021 U.S. survey, more than two million middle and high school students said they had used electronic or e-cigarettes within the past month. E-cigarettes were far more popular among those students than regular cigarettes, cigars, and other tobacco products.

Those numbers are alarming to health professionals because the dangers of vaping are very real. The aerosol from vape devices often contains nicotine, an addictive drug that can affect the developing brain of a teenager. On top of that, when you inhale the vapor from your e-cigarette, you also breathe in a variety of chemicals, some of which may be toxic. So, that seemingly harmless vapor has the potential to adversely affect your physical and mental health.

If you just vape on occasion, learning more about the risks may be enough to convince you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future.

If you’re already a habitual vape user, you might find that cutting nicotine out is a difficult process. Even if you’re fearful of the health risks and want to quit, withdrawal symptoms can trigger you to keep returning to your vape. But there are ways to cope without the nicotine and kick the vaping habit. With the right information, support, and strategies, you can drop the habit for good and protect your health.

E-cigarettes have been touted as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. Some people even switch to vaping to minimize the risks associated with smoking .

While it’s true that vaped aerosols can contain fewer toxic chemicals than the smoke from cigarettes, that doesn’t mean vaping is a risk-free activity. According to a CDC study, roughly 99 percent of e-cigarettes sold in the U.S. have some level of nicotine, and the content isn’t always disclosed.

Nicotine is a stimulant that raises your heart rate and gives you a temporary high. But whether it comes from vaping or smoking, nicotine is also highly addictive and greatly increases your risk for serious disease.

The effects of nicotine

Although many people initially use nicotine to find relief from anxiety or depression , they quickly discover that addiction can develop. And that addiction can take a damaging toll on your mood and health.

[Read: Self-Medicating Depression, Anxiety, and Stress]

If you have a nicotine dependency and go too long without the drug, you may begin to experience symptoms of withdrawal. This can include feeling depressed, anxious, unfocused, or irritable. So, you vape again to reduce those symptoms, and the cycle repeats. Nicotine addiction has a powerful hold over you.

Nicotine can also affect your brain, which continues to develop until you reach your mid-20s. Nicotine impairs regions of the brain responsible for learning, focus, mood, and impulse control. This can have consequences for everything from your schoolwork to your social life.

Difficulty retaining information in class or staying focused on your homework can lead to academic challenges. Mood swings and impulsive behavior may cause you to lash out at your closest friends, causing rifts in your social circle.

In addition to nicotine, the aerosol from your vape may expose you to other unhealthy chemicals. Formaldehyde, an irritant and probable carcinogen, can form when the liquid is heated. Chemicals like acrolein, diacetyl, and diethylene glycol can damage your lungs. Vaping can also expose your body to metals, such as tin, lead, nickel, and cadmium.

Vaping may pose dangers that researchers have yet to uncover. As recently as 2019, a synthetic form of vitamin E was identified as a possible culprit behind an outbreak of lung injuries among vape users. In addition, one 2021 study of vaping aerosols and liquids identified the presence of nearly 2,000 unknown chemicals.

Risk of diseases

More and more studies indicate that vaping can affect oral health. Nicotine interferes with blood flow in the gums, and e-cigarette aerosol alters the state of oral bacteria. This raises the risk of periodontal disease, which comes with symptoms such as bad breath, swollen and bleeding gums, difficulty chewing, and loose teeth.

New research also shows that e-cigarette users may have an increased risk of prediabetes and lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). If you use both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, you further increase your health risks. One study found that people who use both types of nicotine sources significantly raise their odds of cardiovascular disease.

There are many reasons to stop vaping, but breaking the habit can be a frustrating process. You may manage to avoid e-cigarettes for a day, before giving in to the desire to vape. Then, a sense of shame and regret accompanies the nicotine high. After repeatedly failing to quit, you might feel helpless, discouraged, and begin to wonder if there’s something wrong with you.

Know that you’re not alone. Nicotine addiction is an issue that many people struggle with. However, a thoughtful and strategic approach to tackling the addiction and related habits can make all the difference.

Start by reflecting on your own motivations for quitting . For most people, quitting e-cigarettes comes with multiple benefits. Write down all of your motivations. Perhaps you want to save money for something important instead of spending money on vape accessories. Or maybe you want to quit vaping to avoid the physical and mental consequences of addiction . If your relationships with friends, partners, or parents have suffered due to your habit, quitting might improve your social life. Having a list of reasons to quit vaping will help keep you on track whenever you’re tempted to resume the habit.

Next, set a quit date . When do you plan to be completely free of the vaping habit? Pick a day that falls within the next two weeks, so the drive to quit remains strong. However, don’t pick a day that you know will be extremely stressful, such as the day of an important test. Once you have your target goal set, you can begin to adjust your behavior and break the addiction.

Triggers are specific situations that increase your urge to vape. For example, smelling vapor in the air or seeing friends vape might increase your craving. Maybe online or television ads tempt you to pick up an e-cigarette.

Certain emotional states can also act as triggers. The stress of prepping for a job interview, for example, could increase your desire to vape. You might also turn to nicotine to cope with loneliness or boredom.

If you have a hard time identifying your triggers, keep a craving journal. Record information such as when the craving started, what you were doing, and who you were with. You can also note the intensity of the craving.

Overcoming triggers

Once you know your triggers, you can develop strategies to avoid or minimize them.

First, get rid of any vape accessories in your backpack, locker, car, or room.

If social pressure is a trigger, take a break from friends who vape or let them know you’re trying to quit. If someone tries to coerce you into vaping again, simply give a firm but polite “no thank you.” A good friend will respect that boundary.

When it comes to emotion-based triggers, you’ll need to learn new ways to cope with those emotions.

If you’re experiencing loneliness and boredom:

• Use self-compassion and positive self-talk to challenge shyness and anxiety.
• Join clubs and attend events that match your interests.
• Look for opportunities to do volunteer work.

[Read: Loneliness and Social Isolation]

If you’re stressed or anxious:

• Incorporate a mindfulness meditation or breathing exercises into your day.
• Avoid overcommitting and taking on too much responsibility.
• Take care of your body by getting enough sleep and eating a healthy diet.

[Read: Stress Management]

If you’re feeling depressed:

• Use regular physical activity to improve your mood.
• Surround yourself with friends and family members who make you feel safe and cared for.
• Reach out to a helpline if you feel overwhelmed by negative thoughts.

[Read: Coping with Depression]

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms are uncomfortable sensations that set in shortly after you quit vaping. They might last days or weeks, but know that they're a normal part of the process.

Common nicotine withdrawal symptoms can include:

• Irritability
• Grogginess and difficulty concentrating
• Anxiousness
• Restlessness

Cravings can be intense, but they usually only last for a few minutes. There are plenty of ways to cope until they pass. Experiment with these strategies to see what works best for you:

Have go-to distractions . Try listening to music, playing with a pet, or playing a video game whenever the craving to vape hits.

Get physically active . Take a short jog, ride your bike, or do some push-ups or jumping jacks instead of vaping. These activities can serve as distractions, but they can also boost your mood and energize you .

Review your reasons for quitting . Remember that list of your motivations to quit? Revisit it. Reflect on how much better you'll feel when you drop the habit. Envision yourself being free of nicotine.

Use an oral substitute for vaping . For example, chewing gum or crunching on a carrot can help distract you.

Practice deep breathing to calm your nervous system . Slowly inhale through your nose for several seconds. Follow this with a longer exhale. Repeat until you feel your anxiety decrease. Or try our Deep Breathing Meditation .

Drink more water . If the cravings come with other withdrawal symptoms, such as headaches and hunger, staying hydrated can help.

Although cravings are common in the first few days of quitting, you'll likely find that they eventually decrease in both frequency and intensity.

Dropping the vaping habit is ultimately your own responsibility, but leaning on others for support can help. Tell your loved ones that you're trying to quit vaping and would like their backing. Talking to them about your goal will also help them understand any changes in your mood over the next few days or weeks.

Let people know what specific actions they can take to help you . You may want friends to avoid vaping around you, for example. Or you could ask a sibling to bluntly remind you of the health consequences, or to join you in a new exercise routine or hobby to reduce your stress and boredom. Remember to take the time to show your appreciation for supportive friends and family members.

[Read: Social Support for Stress Relief]

You can also look for professional support . Reach out to ad addiction counselor for advice on quitting. You can contact a counselor by phone or online. Your doctor may also be able to prescribe medication that eases withdrawal symptoms. However, you can also find over-the-counter solutions, such as gum and patches.

Be patient with yourself . It might seem difficult at first, but with effort you can kick the habit. Of course, quitting is no small task. So, as you reach each milestone, take time to celebrate your accomplishments. And if you slip up and vape, don’t be too hard on yourself. Turn it into a learning experience. What triggered you to vape again? What can you do to address that trigger in the future?

If your child or teen vapes, it’s natural to feel worried. You may fear that vaping will have serious health consequences or lead your child to adopt other risky habits.

Despite your fears, you also know that talking to teens about these kinds of subjects can be tricky. You may not want to run the risk of an argument or make them feel defensive. But there are many ways to tactfully broach the subject.

First, it’s helpful to understand why your child is vaping to start with.

Why kids and teens vape

The more you understand the reasons why young people vape, the easier it will be to talk to your child about the dangers. Common reasons include:

Peer pressure . Many kids and teens say they initially tried e-cigarettes because their friends were using them. Friends might pressure one another to vape by downplaying the risks. Even when there’s no overt pressure from friends, non-vaping teens might feel the need to try it out to fit in with the group.

Attractive flavors . Although vape manufacturers avoid directly advertising to younger users, kids and teens often find flavored products appealing. Products that mimic the taste of fruit, candy, and desserts can be particularly enticing.

Negative emotions . Adolescence can be a turbulent time that’s filled with self-discovery, social stressors, and school demands. Young e-cigarette users often rely on their vape devices to manage the stress, anxiety, and depression that come with this stage of life.

[Read: Help for Parents of Troubled Teens]

Perception of safety . For years, e-cigarettes have successfully been pitched as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes. Unfortunately, kids and teens have also picked up on this messaging and often underestimate the risks of vaping. The sweet flavors can also play into the harmless appearance of vape products.

Accessibility . It’s often easier for young people to obtain e-cigarettes, especially if the products are popular among their friend groups. Vaping is also often cheaper than other tobacco products.

Aesthetics . Many vape devices are easy to conceal from adults but have a sleek design that teens can show off to one another. Some young people may also think that vaping makes them look older and more mature.

Setting the right tone can make a big difference in how well the conversation goes. You don’t need to make the conversation seem like a big deal by pulling your child into the dining room for a formal chat. In fact, this might make them feel interrogated.

Take a casual approach and let the topic come up naturally . If you're together when you see an ad or someone vaping in public, for example, you can raise the subject naturally. Avoid starting the conversation when you or your child are already stressed or in a rush, though.

Use open-ended questions to invite discussion . Try asking for your child's opinion on vaping, or the risks of e-cigarettes versus cigarettes. The goal is to have a conversation rather than a lecture. Don’t criticize them. Listen to their answers in a nonjudgmental way and ask follow-up questions.

Share what you know about the risks of vaping . You might want to mention how vaping affects the teeth and gums, as well as the potential for nicotine addiction. You can also mention the illegality of underage vaping, but avoid making threats. Make it clear that your concerns come from a place of love rather than the desire to control their every action.

The conversation doesn’t need to be one, long chat. You can have many short talks with your child over the span of days, weeks, or months. If your child is initially hesitant to open up about their experiences, return to the topic later. Thinking of it as an ongoing conversation also gives you both time to research and learn more between discussions.

Your support can make all the difference in helping your child kick their vaping habit. Start by educating yourself on addiction and withdrawal symptoms . The more you know about these subjects, the better prepared you’ll be to help your child quit.

Help them cope with triggers and temptations . Sit down with your child and make a list of potential triggers. Then, you can work together to brainstorm coping strategies, such as:

• Getting rid of vape devices.
• Practicing saying “no” to peer pressure.
• Keeping gum or other smoking substitutes on hand.

Regularly talk with your child about their stressors . Do they feel depressed about a breakup or anxious about school? You don’t always need to have solutions to their problems. Sometimes just listening and making your child feel heard is enough to improve their well-being.

Encourage your child to embrace hobbies and social activities . Suggest that they try out team sports, learn an instrument, or join a local club that matches their interests. If they have existing hobbies, do what you can to support them. As your child focuses more on their hobbies and interests, they may feel less tempted to use vaping to manage negative emotions. Volunteer opportunities can also alleviate boredom, boost self-esteem, and help foster a sense of direction.

Make them feel empowered . Compliment your teen on their ability to think critically and independently. Let them know you trust them to make smart decisions, even in the face of peer pressure. Remind them of other hurdles they’ve overcome and things they’ve accomplished when they put their mind to it. By doing this, you help your child tap into the self-confidence and emotional resilience they need to overcome addiction and quit vaping.

Hotlines and support

Visit  Quit Vaping  at Smokefree Teen, call the quitline at 1-800-784-8669, or use the text messaging program at  This is Quitting .

Visit  Health Canada  or call the helpline at 1-866-366-3667.

QuitNow  or call 137 848.

Nicotine Anonymous  offers a 12-Step program modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous with meetings in many different countries.

More Information

• Deal With Vape Cravings - Tips for managing urges to vape. (Smokefree.gov)
• Handling Nicotine Withdrawal and Triggers - Withdrawal symptoms and how to deal with them. (National Cancer Institute)
• Vaping Addiction and Nicotine Withdrawal - Dealing with both the mental and physical addiction. (Smokefree.gov)
• Know the Risks: E-cigarettes & Young People - Tips for young people and their parents. (U.S. Surgeon General’s Report)
• Vaping Reality Check - Tool to assess the impact vaping is having on you. (Smokefree.gov)
• Pharmacologic Product Guide: FDA-Approved Medications for Smoking Cessation - List of products for smoking cessation. (American Academy of Family Physicians)
• Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. (2013). In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association. Link
• Need another reason not to vape? Your oral health is at risk | American Heart Association . (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2022, from Link
• Osei, A. D., Mirbolouk, M., Orimoloye, O. A., Dzaye, O., Uddin, S. M. I., Benjamin, E. J., Hall, M. E., DeFilippis, A. P., Bhatnagar, A., Biswal, S. S., & Blaha, M. J. (2020). Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Smoking Status: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016 and 2017. American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 58(3), 336–342. Link
• Osei, A. D., Mirbolouk, M., Orimoloye, O. A., Dzaye, O., Uddin, S. M. I., Benjamin, E. J., Hall, M. E., DeFilippis, A. P., Stokes, A., Bhatnagar, A., Nasir, K., & Blaha, M. J. (2019). Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Cardiovascular Disease Among Never and Current Combustible-Cigarette Smokers. The American Journal of Medicine , 132(8), 949-954.e2. Link
• Osei, A. D., Mirbolouk, M., Orimoloye, O. A., Dzaye, O., Uddin, S. M. I., Dardari, Z. A., DeFilippis, A. P., Bhatnagar, A., & Blaha, M. J. (2019). The association between e-cigarette use and asthma among never combustible cigarette smokers: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) 2016 & 2017. BMC Pulmonary Medicine , 19(1), 180. Link
• Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products | Electronic Cigarettes | Smoking & Tobacco Use | CDC . (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2022, from Link
• Pushalkar, S., Paul, B., Li, Q., Yang, J., Vasconcelos, R., Makwana, S., González, J. M., Shah, S., Xie, C., Janal, M. N., Queiroz, E., Bederoff, M., Leinwand, J., Solarewicz, J., Xu, F., Aboseria, E., Guo, Y., Aguallo, D., Gomez, C., … Saxena, D. (2020). Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Modulates the Oral Microbiome and Increases Risk of Infection. IScience , 23(3), 100884. Link
• Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens, and Young Adults | CDC . (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2022, from Link
• Results from the Annual National Youth Tobacco Survey | FDA . (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2022, from Link
• Salloum, R. G., Tan, A. S. L., & Thompson, L. (2021). What Parents Need to Know About Teen Vaping and What They Can Do About It. JAMA Pediatrics , 175(4), 440. Link
• Tehrani, M. W., Newmeyer, M. N., Rule, A. M., & Prasse, C. (2021). Characterizing the Chemical Landscape in Commercial E-Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols by Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Chemical Research in Toxicology , 34(10), 2216–2226. Link
• Thomas, S. C., Xu, F., Pushalkar, S., Lin, Z., Thakor, N., Vardhan, M., Flaminio, Z., Khodadadi-Jamayran, A., Vasconcelos, R., Akapo, A., Queiroz, E., Bederoff, M., Janal, M. N., Guo, Y., Aguallo, D., Gordon, T., Corby, P. M., Kamer, A. R., Li, X., & Saxena, D. (2022). Electronic Cigarette Use Promotes a Unique Periodontal Microbiome. MBio , 13(1), e00075-22. Link
• What’s in an E-Cigarette? | American Lung Association . (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2022, from Link
• Xu, F., Aboseria, E., Janal, M. N., Pushalkar, S., Bederoff, M. V., Vasconcelos, R., Sapru, S., Paul, B., Queiroz, E., Makwana, S., Solarewicz, J., Guo, Y., Aguallo, D., Gomez, C., Shelly, D., Aphinyanaphongs, Y., Gordon, T., Corby, P. M., Kamer, A. R., … Saxena, D. (2021). Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients. Frontiers in Oral Health , 2, 729144. Link
• Xu, F., Pushalkar, S., Lin, Z., Thomas, S. C., Persaud, J. K., Sierra, M. A., Vardhan, M., Vasconcelos, R., Akapo, A., Guo, Y., Gordon, T., Corby, P. M., Kamer, A. R., Li, X., & Saxena, D. (2022). Electronic cigarette use enriches periodontal pathogens. Molecular Oral Microbiology , 37(2), 63–76. Link
• Zhang, Z., Jiao, Z., Blaha, M. J., Osei, A., Sidhaye, V., Ramanathan, J. M., & Biswal, S. (2022). The Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Prediabetes: Results From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016–2018. American Journal of Preventive Medicine , S0749379722000241. Link

More in Addiction

Tips for kicking your cigarette habit for good

Find healthier ways to change how you feel

How to help your child or teen

Try online therapy

Get professional help from BetterHelp’s network of 30,000 licensed therapists. Get matched and schedule your first video, phone or live chat session in as little as 48 hours.

A guide to alcohol addiction treatment services

Cutting down on alcohol doesn’t have to mean losing your social life

The hidden risks of drinking

Binge Drinking

Help if you have trouble stopping drinking once you start

Supporting a loved one’s recovery from drug abuse

Help us help others

Millions of readers rely on HelpGuide.org for free, evidence-based resources to understand and navigate mental health challenges. Please donate today to help us save, support, and change lives.

Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Smoking — Vaping: All You Need to Know about this Trend

Vaping: All You Need to Know About This Trend

• Categories: Smoking

About this sample

Table of contents

Hook examples for vaping essay, vaping essay example.

• The Rise of Vapor: Step into the world of vaping and explore how this modern trend has taken the world by storm, reshaping the way people consume nicotine.
• Invisible Dangers: Uncover the hidden health risks lurking behind the enticing flavors and billowing clouds of vapor, as we delve into the alarming consequences of vaping.
• The Marketing Maze: Discover the strategies employed by vaping companies to target a new generation of users, and how the industry's advertising tactics have raised ethical concerns.
• Teen Epidemic: Examine the startling rise in teenage vaping and the impact it has on adolescent health, education, and society as a whole.
• A Path to Quit: Explore the potential vaping holds as both a smoking cessation tool and a harm reduction method, considering the debates and challenges surrounding this approach.

It’s All about Vaping

Vapers” community, vaping a fashion, vaping business.

• House of Vapes
• Prohibition Vapes
• Vape & Juice
• The Wheatsheaf
• Prospect of Whitby

What’s the Final Point?

Works cited.

• Cooper, R. (2018). Skipping a Beat: Assessing the state of gender equality in the Australian music industry. University of Sydney.
• Hibberd, J. (2020, March 8). How Women Are Changing the Indie Rock Scene. Rolling Stone.
• LISTEN. (n.d.). About. Retrieved from https://www.listenlistenlisten.org/about
• McMahon, K. (2019, April 29). The Triple J Gender Imbalance Is Being Highlighted Again By Industry Experts. Junkee.
• Merritt, S. (2019, October 3). Where are all the women in music production? Sydney Morning Herald.
• Music Industry Observer. (2021, January 25). How COVID-19 Has Impacted Women in the Music Industry. Music Industry Observer.
• O'Connor, R. (2018, March 8). International Women's Day: Meet the women trying to change the face of the Australian music industry. ABC News.
• Rogers, K. (2018, November 21). An In-Depth Look at the State of Women in the Music Industry. Mixmag.
• Triscari, C. (2020, December 1). The music industry is finally waking up to its diversity problem. NME.
• UN Women. (2015). Gender Equality and the Music Industry. UN Women.

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Verified writer

• Expert in: Nursing & Health

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

6 pages / 2528 words

1 pages / 575 words

2 pages / 813 words

2 pages / 1120 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Smoking

Vaping, once hailed as a safer alternative to traditional smoking, has now come under scrutiny due to its potential health risks and widespread usage among young people. This essay explores the various dangers associated with [...]

The rise of vaping has prompted significant debates and discussions surrounding its potential harms and benefits. This essay delves into the complex issue of banning vaping, exploring the reasons behind calls for prohibition, [...]

Startling Fact: In today's world, an increasing number of individuals, especially young people, are drawn into the world of vaping, often without a clear understanding of the potential consequences. Personal [...]

Initial impressions of a person smoking Association of smoking with wealth and maturity Irony of anti-smoking education Relaxation and stress reduction Taking breaks and social interactions Life skills [...]

Stop smoking it can cost you your life! What is smoking? How can something small cause so much harm to the world? Smoking is an addictive drug that can cause death or cancer it has caused, More than 10 times as many U.S. [...]

For years there has been conflicting research whether smoking should be banned or not and it is a significant issue today. Many people have given up smoking while others still continue to smoke. Smoking is the inhalation and [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

190 Smoking Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on smoking, 👍 good smoking research topics & essay examples, 🌶️ hot smoking ideas to write about, 🎓 most interesting smoking research titles, 💡 simple smoking essay ideas, 📌 easy smoking essay topics, ❓ research questions about smoking.

• Should Smoking Be Illegal? The ban on smoking is a very hard step to be undertaken especially when the number of worldwide users is in billions. Attempts by some nations to do this have often been met with failures.
• Effects of Public Smoking and Arguments for the Prohibition of Public Smoking The essentiality of the essentiality of this paper is to explore the effects of public smoking and provide arguments that will lead to the prohibition of public smoking.
• Is Smoking Cigarettes Just for Fun or a Death Sentence? Smoking cigarettes is one of the most popular bad habits in the world. Those who are addicted to it keep saying that there is nothing wrong about smoking.
• Cigarette Smoking Role in Public Health Cigarette smoking produces little marginal social benefits. This paper provides an insight into the debate surrounding cigarette smoking and public health.
• “Thank You for Smoking” by Jason Reitman The movie, ‘Thank You for Not Smoking’ has a theme that mainly revolves within the tobacco industry. The movie Thank You for Smoking is a campaigner for use of tobacco products.
• Are Anti-smoking Adverts Effective? The loss of individuals due to tobacco use affects the economy of many societies. Many children in the developed world lose their guardians yearly due to smoking.
• Banning Public Smoking The essentiality of the essentiality of this paper is to explore the effects of public smoking and provide arguments that will lead to the prohibition of public smoking.
• Anti-Smoking Poster Visual Analysis in Advertising This discussion presents a visual analysis of an anti-smoking poster that explores usage of words, images, colors, settings, and layout to deliver message to the audience.

• Smoking Cessation and Depression It was estimated that nicotine affects the human’s reward system. As a result, smoking cessation might lead to depression and other mental disorder.
• Relationship between Asthma and Smoking The relationship between asthma and smoking explains why many adults who develop asthma past their 50th birthdays often have a history of smoking tobacco.
• The Central Connecticut State University Smoking Banning CCSU should bans smoking from campus because according to cancer.gov, it is proven that secondhand smoke contains at least 250 dangerous chemical and could cause a lot of diseases.
• Smoking Hazards and Cessation Benefits in the US In the article on smoking-related hazards, the reference to the measurements made by national healthcare representatives to define the benefits of smoking-cessation.
• E-Cigarettes Smoking: Threat or Solution? Nowadays, the new challenge looms on the horizon – the introduction of electronic cigarettes. There are many views on vaping, smoking e-cigarettes, both positive and negative.
• Asthma Incidence and Smoking among African Immigrants in California This paper explores the association between asthma incidence and smoking among African immigrants in California.
• Asthma and Smoking Among Adult African Immigrants This study explores the association between asthma and smoking status among adult African immigrants in California using a quantitative correlational approach.
• “Impact of Institutional Smoking Bans on Reducing Harms and Secondhand Smoke Exposure”: Article Review This paper focuses on a systematic review of the article Impact of institutional smoking bans on reducing harms and secondhand smoke exposure.
• Children With Asthma: Risks Created by Smoking Parents The available literature indicates that secondhand smoking from parents hurts children with asthma and other respiratory diseases, causing complications.
• Smoking Cessation and Depression Problem The aim of the study is to scrutinize the issues inherent in the process of smoking cessation and align them with the occurrence of depression in an extensive sample of individuals.
• Tobacco and E-Cigarettes Smoking: Negative Effects Cigarette smoking is well known to have diverse health effects on humans, include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, bronchitis and heart attack.
• Asthma Incidence and Smoking among Immigrants in California This paper analyzes relationship between smoking behaviors and asthma cases in states or regions that have multiple immigrant population groups, such as New York and California.
• Nursing Interventions for Smoking Cessation The article “Nursing Interventions for Smoking Cessation” aims to investigate the effectiveness of nursing-initiated interventions. The authors are the nursing professionals.
• Smoking Bans in the Nationwide Indoor This paper highlights opinions on indoor smoking bans by the US government and the results show that smoking bans are generally approved by the public.
• Smoking and Heart Disease Rates in African-Americans High prevalence of smoking in African-Americans leads to the increased incidence of heart disease in this population.
• The Link Between Asthma and Immigrant Smoking The purpose of this study is to determine the association between asthma and smoking status among adult African immigrants in California.
• Teratogenic Effects of Alcohol and Smoking The teratogen is an umbrella term for substances that can have adverse effects on an embryo. In the situation, a girl continues drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes despite being pregnant.
• Primary and Seconary Smokers’ Health Implications Primary smokers are people who smoke directly while secondary smokers are people who inhale smoke released by other smokers.
• Health Problem in Delaware and Smokers’ Families The paper reviews the NHIS data collection system, explores health problems in Delaware, and studies an article that assumes that married smokers are less likely to quit smoke.
• Weyco Inc.’s Smoking Ban in Deontological Ethics This paper investigates the case study of the smoking ban used in Weyco Inc. from a deontological (non-consequentialist) perspective.
• Smoking Cessation and Stages of the Change The paper studies a case of a client addressed for help to solve his smoking cessation. It identifies the questions to ask the client during each stage of change.
• Tobacco Smoking Problem in Miami-Dade County The paper presents the analysis of the tobacco smoking problem in Miami Dade County and analyses the opportunities of the community for resolving this complicated issue.
• The Relationship Between Asthma and Smoking This study explores the relationship between asthma and smoking among adult African Immigrants in California that are a relatively understudied group.
• Indoor Smoking Ban: Study Methodology The issue of whether or not the United States should pass a nationwide ban on indoor smoking is one that has managed to elicit a lot of debate.
• Weight Watchers: the Analysis of Smoking The lack of alternatives to the rewards of smoking as a method of controlling weight has created an inelastic demand for the product, which is unlikely to change with the decision to impose high taxes.
• Anti-Smoking Persuasion: Rhetorical Situation Analysis This paper narrates a rhetorical moment in which I had an argument with my brother on his smoking behavior while he was in high school.
• Lowering Drinking and Smoking Age in the U.S. Some scholars indicate that lowering the minimum legal drinking age from 21 to 17 years will help to limit the number of negative consequences faced by young adults.
• Smoking in Cities: Prohibition Bill The proposed bill presupposes the complete prohibition of smoking in cities except for the places that are specially created for it and equipped with corresponding devices.
• Introduction of New Legislation Regarding Smoking in Miami-Dade County Florida Health Department identifies three major risk factors of heart disease: high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking.
• Acupuncture for Smoking Cessation: Research Process People want to know if acupuncture may be regarded as an effective method for smokers to quit this harmful habit considering that numerous past attempts were taken in vain.
• Smoking Cessation and Patient Teaching Plan The key purpose of this patient teaching plan is to collaborate with him regarding the improvement of his lifestyle, smoking cessation, awareness related to smoking damages.
• Smoking Management and Patient Teaching Plan Most smokers need outside prompts to jumpstart their quitting process. This can involve reminding the participant the benefits of quitting.
• The Changing Public Image of Smoking in the United States Scholars have discovered that 15 of every 100 country residents use tobacco products on a regular basis, which poses the problem as a nationwide issue.
• Secondhand Smoking: Environmental Health Promotion Smoking remains a significant environmental problem that affects many people. Secondhand smoking can also be a dangerous issue because of the pernicious impact of tobacco.
• Quit Smoking: Therapies and Medications This paper describes how nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), non-nicotine medications, and behavior therapy are valid ways to quit smoking.
• Smoking Cessation Plan with mHealth Application The goal of this paper is to develop a smoking cessation plan for a patient at risk of depression, using a mHealth application based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
• Smoking in Movies: Tobacco Industry Tactics The American tobacco industry has a long history of collaboration with the film industry to promote smoking and advertise some tobacco brands.
• Smoking Bans in Workplaces and Public Spaces The paper researches evidence that secondhand smoke causes the same problems as direct smoking, including lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and lung ailments.
• The Problem of Smoking Ban The goal of the essay is to provide arguments to defend nonsmokers on the dispute regarding smoking-related restrictions.
• Anti-Smoking Persuasive Campaigns and Factors Determining Outcomes Tobacco has become one of the major health issues, affecting most of the American population and other world citizens.
• Cigarette Smokers and Their Types A smoker is any person who consumes burned tobacco or its vapors, either through tasting or through inhaling. This paper will look at various types of cigarette smokers.
• Smoking and Public Policy in the United States In the USA, a number of public transportation agencies have decided to ban smoking in their transportation facilities, like trains and busses.
• Smoking Should Be Banned in Public Places Smoking should be banned in public places because it has negative effects on those people who do not smoke and violates their rights to clean air and health safety.
• Cigarette Smoking Cessation Methods This essay is about smoking as a bad habit that people should quit and strict laws should be applied against it.
• Smoking Ban in Bars and Restaurants The smoking ban in bars and restaurants law took effect in New York in the year 2003. The law stated that there was no one who was supposed to smoke in a café, restaurant or bar.
• Ban on Smoking in the Workplace The third state after Delaware and California to issue anti-smoking legislature banning the use of tobacco products in public places with effect from April 2008.
• Smoking: Addiction Treatment Methods The therapists advise those who are daily tobacco users to quit, despite their willingness. However, the intervention for smokers without any desire to stop is a complicated one.
• Young Mothers-Smokers: The Transtheoretical Model The transtheoretical model by Prochaska and DiClemente involves five consistent stages that are as follows: pre-contemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance, and relapse.
• Effects of Smoking on Your Health This paper discusses smoking. Smoking causes severe damage to lungs, increased risk of respiratory infections, etc. Disease caused by smoking.
• Why Should Smoking Be Banned in Public? Cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are associated with prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke.
• Health Risks: Smoking and Usage of Substances The purpose of this article is to consider the health risks to which people who smoke and use psychoactive substances are exposed.
• Reducing Cigarette Smoking American Youth The number of smokers among juvenility in America is alarming. Instead of going down, this amount just leveled up.
• Tobacco Smoking Among Adolescents: Signature Assignment The purpose of this paper is to describe the reasons for the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents of low and middle-income households.
• Motivation Methods to Quit Smoking According to the recommendations for treating tobacco use, the interventions for such patients should be aimed at motivating them to finally quit smoking.
• Impact of Smoking on a Pregnant Woman Smoking has various effects not only on a pregnant woman: it affects both the unborn child and the woman who is expectant.
• Smoking in Public Places: Should It Be Banned? Restriction on smoking in public places may contribute to achieving several important benefits. It will solve certain environmental issues, protecting animals and birds.
• Smoking Cessation: Causes and Statistics This article focuses on smoking, examining the causes, statistics, and approved medications used to quit smoking.
• Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned? The question of whether cigarette smoking should be banned as it causes diseases, increases the healthcare system’s burden, and pollutes the environment, is pondered in this paper.
• Antismoking Ads and Youth Smoking Prevalence The article “Evidence of a dose-response relationship between “truth” antismoking ads and youth smoking prevalence” elaborates on the influence of antismoking advertisements.
• Motivational Interviewing as a Smoking Cessation Method Motivational Interviewing intervention is one of the primary cessation methods that is used among patients that reluctant to abstain from tobacco use.
• Smoking and Cognitive Dissonance Theory This paper seeks to study smoking from the perspective of the Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT) and dissect the issue of dissonance-reducing beliefs in smoking people.
• The Problem of Smoking in Young Adults This paper will propose cigarette cessation as a health promotion plan to address smoking in young adults.
• ‘Social Smoking Among Young Adults’ by Song & Ling In the article, Social smoking among young adults: Investigation of Intentions and Attempts to Quit, Song and Ling discuss social smoking among young adults.
• Community-Based Interventions to Promote Non-Smoking The research article’s design is experimental. An experimental design to come up with the cause-effect association among a collection of variables of scientific approaches
• A Health Problem – Smoking Analysis Smoking has been a health problem worldwide due to its adverse health effects. The paper gives several alternatives that have been advanced to assist addicts in quitting smoking.
• Problems of Smoking in Public Places The below discussion will discuss the arguments for and against banning smoking in public places which will lead to a comparison of the same.
• Tobacco Smoking Trend in Australia The following essay investigates the trends of tobacco smoking in Australia and what environmental and health effects it might bear.
• Team Collaboration for Smoking Cessation The Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (2018) show that smoking harms almost every single organ in the human body, causes various diseases and conditions.
• Smoking in Public Places: Negative Effects Public smoking should be banned in all public places to ensure workers perform their duties without interference. Also tobacco contains harmful substances that intoxicate people.
• Health-Care Cost of Smoking: Economic Impacts Smoking simply refers to a practice in which a known substance, usually cannabis or tobacco, is burnt and the smoke it produces is inhaled directly.
• Design and Health Promotion Program for Someone to Quit Smoking The paper will present a smoking intervention program that combines medical and psychological solutions that address all the aspects of smoking addiction.
• The US Veterans: The Problem of Tobacco Smoking Although the rate of tobacco use among American veterans has been declining, those returning from Afghanistan and Iraq are smoking at an alarming rate.
• The Pharmacists’ Action on Smoking Program The purpose of the research is to analyze and evaluate the results of the Pharmacists’ Action on the Smoking program.
• The Dangers of Smoking and Its Prevent The article argues the ill effects brought by smoking since it proves to be the biggest threat to current and future world health.
• Smoking and Health Promotion in the UK In the following paper, issues of health promotion and smoking, in particular, will be evaluated and analysed on the basis of facts from the United Kingdom.
• Adverse Effects of Smoking Marijuana on Probation The smoking marijuana is associated with many possible negative health effects. Despite the initial euphoric state, panic attacks, confusion and anxiety are common.
• Lung and Bronchus Cancer in Smoking Americans Among the causes of lung and bronchus cancer, smoking is the first to be distinguished, which is the reason for the vast majority of incidence cases.
• Smoking Cessation and Increase in Quality of Life This paper seeks to establish whether smoking cessation improves the quality of life in African American women beyond 50 years who are smokers with COPD.
• Correlating Smoking to Comorbidities The smoking problem engulfing the world about comorbidities is worrying a lot. Millions of old African Americans suffer through this scourge, whose prevalence increases daily.
• The Ban on Smoking: Main Reasons One reason why smoking should be banned is because it has got several health effects. It harms almost every organ of the body.
• Smoking Patients. Practice Recommendations There are several ways to handle smoking patients. Brief interventions to screen all clients for all forms of tobacco use and initiate treatment as appropriate are suggested.
• Drinking and Smoking During Pregnancy Smoking and drinking alcohol is a wrong decision for a pregnant woman who wants to heighten the chances of light delivery and good health for her child.
• Tobacco Smoking Cessation The Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai’s interventions alleviates the economic and social burdens caused by tobacco use.
• Health Effects of Smoking. Rhinosinusitis Symptoms Smoking has negative impacts on the health of individuals. Many people have developed various complications, whereby some have lost their lives.
• Passive Smoking and Pancreatic Cancer in Women The association between ETS and pancreatic cancer is weak. The pancreatic cancer risk associated is confounded by environmental tobacco smoke exposures.
• Why Should Smoking Be Illegal? Cigarettes have been the most harmful invention in human history. Because of this, it is a huge financial and political drain.
• Smoking Dependence Treatment & Statistics The study used a two-group design that involved two samples of 40 participants who had ended treatment for smoking dependence. There were two treatment options.
• Discussion: Smoking and Health Risks The WHO and numerous other influential organizations are persistent in their attempts to draw attention to the problem and encourage efficient ways to prevent people from smoking.
• Smoking: An Idea for a Statistical Experiment The hypothesis is that people who smoke cigarettes daily tend to earn more than others: this is a personal observation that requires careful experimental testing.
• Discussion: Treating Smoking Dependence A controlled study was performed to determine the efficacy of Mindfulness Therapy (MT) in treating smoking dependence among 40 adults.
• Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned? The paper highlights the harmful effects of smoking. The chemicals trigger various adverse health conditions, many of which can cause death.
• Impact of UK Smoking Ban on Pub Closures Smoking bans in bars came with serious risks and a dire prognosis; pub owners expected harm in the short term, yet such a ban benefited British society.
• Adult Smoking in Hatch, New Mexico Adult smoking is one of the health risk factors with the highest prevalence in Dona Ana County in New Mexico where Hatch is located.
• Aspects of the Harm of Smoking The paper states that it is a mistake to believe that if you smoke one cigarette for two or three, then the harm to the body will be less.
• Analysis of the Movie “Thank You for Smoking”: The Propaganda The movie presents the deceitful nature of Tobacco Academy Studies that use the skills of their lobbyist Nick Naylor to confuse the public that cigarette smoking is good for their.
• Smoking-Related Harmful Health Effects Smoking tobacco continues to be a leading cause of early disability and mortality worldwide. The use of combusted tobacco has health risks that are now beyond dispute.
• Harmful Effects of Smoking: Why to Quit Smoking? This paper highlights the harmful effects of smoking on the human body and associated health risks and emphasizes the need for smoking cessation.
• Current and Long-Term Effects of Smoking
• Nationwide Indoor Smoking Ban
• Does Smoking Affect Body Weight and Obesity in China
• Psychological and Social Influences on Smoking Behaviour
• Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Cessation
• Women Smoking During Pregnancy Effects on the Children They Carry
• How Will More Obesity and Less Smoking Affect Life Expectancy
• Human Body and the Impact of Smoking
• Nursing Management Plan For Smoking Cessation of a Patient
• Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Smoking
• How Nurses Can Prevent the Onset of Smoking
• Each Year More Americans Die Due to Complications of Smoking
• Link Between Smoking and the Occurrence of Cardiovascular
• Working Time and Cigarette Smoking: Evidence From Australia and the United Kingdom
• Smoke Signals: The Intergenerational Transmission of Smoking Behavior
• Lifetime Smoking and Asthma: A Mendelian Randomization Study
• How Smoking Affects Your Life and People Around You
• Motivation and the Brain: Quitting Smoking
• Pregnant Women and the Cessation of Smoking
• Cigarette Smoking and Its Health Risks
• What Effects Can Cigarette Smoking Have On the Respiratory System
• Analyzing Two Opposing Perspectives on Smoking
• Youth Smoking Uptake Progress: Price and Public Policy Effects
• New York Smoking Ban and Its Constitutionality
• Diseases Associated With Cigarette Smoking
• How Smoking Affects Adults Health & Well-Being
• Anti Smoking Campaign for Smoking
• Should the Government Ban Smoking
• Links Between Smoking and Panic Attacks
• How Smoking Affect Relationships in Work or Home
• Quit Smoking and Intervention for Adolescent Smokers
• Intervention for Smoking Cessation of Smoking
• Gender Dynamics and Smoking Prevalence in Japan
• Midwives, Pregnant Women, and Quitting Smoking
• How Nicotine Affects Your Quit Smoking Victory
• How Smoking Can Negatively Affect Your Life
• Lung Cancer Women Smoking Effects
• Public Places and the Hazards of Smoking
• Cigarette Smoking: The Negative Effects on the Human Body
• How Smoking Tobacco Affect Your Life and Surrounding
• Lung Tissue and Cigarette Smoking Effects
• Persuasive Against Smoking for Teens
• How Smoking Has Changed Through the Years
• Anti Smoking Advertisement Just Makes a Smoker
• How Smoking Affects the Teenage Brain
• Cigarette Smoking and Its Negative Effects on Children and Adults
• How Smoking Bans Are Bad for Business
• How Smoking Increases the Risk of Lung Cancer
• Does Smoking Cause Lung Cancer
• How Smoking Cigarettes Destroys Your Health
• Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Early Child Outcomes
• Does Falling Smoking Lead To Rising Obesity
• Hypnosis Quit Smoking Techniques
• Obesity, Cigarette Prices, Youth Access Laws, and Adolescent Smoking Initiation
• How Smoking Affects the Health Care Costs
• Research Project About Likelihood of Smoking for Children of Smokers
• Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Smoking Habits Among School Children
• Drug Smoking and Drug Trafficking in the World
• Cigarette Smoking Slowly Kills the Country
• Anti-smoking Advertisements: Why They Don’t Work
• What Effects Can Cigarette Smoking Have on the Respiratory System?
• Does Smoking Cigarettes Relieve Stress?
• What Are the Reasons for the Teenagers in Smoking?
• Does Smoking Have Benefits?
• What Kills More Cigarettes Smoking or Obesity?
• Does Elevated Job Stress Affect Smoking Levels?
• When Quitting Smoking Leads to Nicotine Gum Addiction?
• Why Stop Smoking Commercials Are Still on for Cinema Halls?
• What Are the Effects of Smoking on the Respiratory System?
• Why Quitting Smoking during Pregnancy?
• Can Economic-Psychological Parameters Predict Successful Smoking Cessation?
• What Happens When You Quit Smoking?
• What Effects Did the 2006/2007 Smoking Ban Have on the UK?
• Can Public Policy Deter Smoking Escalation among Young Adults?
• What Are the Leading Factors That Affect the Girls and Boys to Start Smoking?
• Does Smoking Affect Body Weight and Obesity in China?
• What Are the Inventions to Promote Smoking Cessations?
• What Makes Smoking and Computers Similar?
• Why Smoking Should Not Be Banned?
• Does Cigarette Smuggling Prop Up Smoking Rates?
• What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Banning Smoking in Public Places?
• What Are the Most Prevalent Dangers of Smoking and Drinking?
• Does Smoking Harm Your Earnings So Much?
• Can Counselling Assist with Smoking Cessation?
• What Are the Effects and Causes of Smoking in the Human Body?
• Dissertation titles generator
• Question maker tool

Cite this post

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2023, September 22). 190 Smoking Essay Topics. Retrieved from https://studycorgi.com/ideas/smoking-essay-topics/

StudyCorgi. (2023, September 22). 190 Smoking Essay Topics. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/smoking-essay-topics/

"190 Smoking Essay Topics." StudyCorgi , 22 Sept. 2023, studycorgi.com/ideas/smoking-essay-topics/.

1. StudyCorgi . "190 Smoking Essay Topics." September 22, 2023. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/smoking-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "190 Smoking Essay Topics." September 22, 2023. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/smoking-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2023. "190 Smoking Essay Topics." September 22, 2023. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/smoking-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . (2023) '190 Smoking Essay Topics'. 22 September.

These essay examples and topics on Smoking were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

The essay topic collection was published on September 9, 2021 . Last updated on September 22, 2023 .

Home / Essay Samples / Nursing & Health / Addictions / Smoking

Why Vaping is Bad for You and Dangers of Vaping for Your Health

Essay details

Nursing & Health , Sociology

Oncology , Addictions , Sociology of Generations

Cancer , Smoking , Teenagers

• Words: 2605 (6 pages)

Please note! This essay has been submitted by a student.

Table of Contents

Introduction, research: is vaping healthier than smoking, the dangers of vaping.

Get quality help now

writer-Justin

Verified writer

Proficient in: Oncology , Addictions , Sociology of Generations

+ 75 relevant experts are online

More Smoking Related Essays

All around the world, smoking is a big issue because it kills numerous people. However, it gets even worse because others can also get affected by smokers nearby. Youth smoking is a problem since there are a lot of adolescents ...

Vaping is synonymous to the terms “safer or healthy” in many people’s mind. However, can you say for sure you know that vaping is a safer version than smoking? vaping and smoking is an addicting drug due to the nicotine, the ...

Cancer only happens to some people It doesn't happen to people like me, my family, or my neighbors. Things like that don't happen to people like us…. people who exercise, eat three times a day, and never forget to drink lots of ...

According to Italian doctor Tulio Simonchini, cancer is nothing but a fungus that can be eliminated with sodium bicarbonate. Dr. Simonchini has used this method to cure thousands of patients with different types of cancer, and ...

Teenage years can be viewed differently from another person’s perspective. Many people say being a teenager is the most fun time of your life. While as other people say, being a teenager is extremely difficult in today’s ...

Things change as time goes by. Compare to decades ago, today’s teenagers have changed in various ways such as the way they dress, the way they speak, and most importantly the way they act is very different. Surprisingly, recent ...

Being a teenager is a unique and transformative phase of life. While it comes with its fair share of challenges and uncertainties, there are also many reasons why I like being a teenager. In this essay, I will explore the ...

The teenage years are a period of profound self-discovery, growth, and transformation. As I reflect on my own teenage journey, I am reminded of the challenges, triumphs, and lessons that have shaped me into the person I am ...

Cancer is a life-altering disease that affects not only the patient but the people around them as well. Cancer has become so prevalent that many families are used to its harmful ways. Cancer affects the totality of the patient. ...

We use cookies to offer you the best experience. By continuing, we’ll assume you agree with our Cookies policy .

Choose your writer among 300 professionals!

You cannot copy content from our website. If you need this sample, insert an email and we'll deliver it to you.

Please, provide real email address.

This email is exists.

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Trusted Health Information from the National Institutes of Health

Tips for talking to your teen about vaping

Set clear expectations and listen carefully.

Talking with your children about the dangers of vaping can help prevent long-lasting health problems.

Vaping nicotine or marijuana can cause long-lasting health problems for your child. So, it's important to talk with your young or teenage children about the potential dangers of vaping.

Here are some helpful tips:

• Know the facts. Be ready to answer questions your teen may have. Ask for help from your health care provider on how to talk to your teen or have your teen talk to a trusted adult.
• Have a natural discussion. Ask your teen what they think about vaping in a TV show, movie, or ad or about someone you both see vaping. Then see where the conversation goes.
• Be a good listener. Have open conversations about drug, alcohol, and tobacco/nicotine use. Talk with your teen often, but try not to lecture. Focus on how much you care about their health. Explain the potential harmful effects of tobacco/nicotine, marijuana, and vaping chemicals on the brain and lungs.
• Set clear family rules and expectations. For instance, try to establish real consequences for breaking drug and alcohol rules.
• Get to know your teen's friends and their parents. Help your teen deal with peer pressure to use vapes. Monitor and supervise your teen's activities. Talk with other parents to make sure you are on the same page about rules.
• Lead by example. If you vape or smoke traditional cigarettes, try to quit.

Source:  National Institute on Drug Abuse

September 24, 2020

Health Fast Facts

More than 60% of teens say they vape to experiment and see what it's like.

Explore More on MedlinePlus.gov

You may also like.

Teen vaping research is a priority as marijuana and nicotine use surge

Vaping has led to a dramatic rise in nicotine and marijuana use among young people in recent years. Marijuana vaping...

Trusted health information delivered to your inbox

Enter your email below

Vaping and Its Negative Aspects Essay

Introduction, attention-arousing and orienting material.

Vaping has become a curse of the recent decade. Vapes are better than nicotine-containing cigarettes. Vapes do not harm the health of a smoker. Vapes are about vaping, not smoking. As one popular vape-producing company puts it, “live long and vape strong”. It seems that vapes create a new reality in which smoking could be safe. Well, what if I say that, in the US, in one week 12 people died because of vaping and 805 people were diagnosed with the breathing illness related to vaping (Pesce par. 1). If these statistics are not enough to give up vaping, the goal of the current speaker is to persuade that vapes are not as warm and fuzzy as companies want us to believe.

We will write a custom Essay on Vaping and Its Negative Aspects specifically for you for only 9.35/page

808 certified writers online

Credibility

Vaping is regarded as an escape for smokers who try to give up their addiction since the latter could substitute the former. Still, there are numerous sources that vaping is a decent and safe habit. The argument against vaping is backed by the results of the researches, the viewpoints of medical experts, and the experience of vapers. The importance of this topic is undeniable since even underaged people become addicted to vapes.

Thesis Statement

Vaping has numerous devastating effects and did not worth doing.

Preview of main points

There are two major reasons to give up a habitude of vape. Firstly, vaping is addictive and undermines the ability to self-control. Secondly, usage of a vape, even if it is nicotine-free, poses a health hazard and leads to diseases of the respiratory system.

Vaping is addictive

It is a well-known fact that there are numerous kinds of vaping liquids. They have various chemical compositions, tastes, and smells. Some of them might contain nicotine, while others are free of it. The problem is that vaping causes addiction in any case.

One of the reasons for this is that vapes are regarded as tools to socialize and make new acquaintances (Levin par. 21).

In essence, new friends and a higher circle of socialization is positive outcome of vaping.

However, the issue lies in the fact that young people that are shy to make friends, for instance, during classes, start vaping to fit in with the team.

• Vice versa, if an individual intends to give up vaping, he or she might postpone this idea because of the fear to distance herself from the friends who use vapes.
• In the interview with the 21-years old man, Levin illustrates how strong the addiction might be (par. 16). Josh Evans avows that he inhales the vapors even though sometimes it makes him feel physically bad and fail to fight against vaping (Levin par.16).
• The final point worth being mentioned is that addiction to vaping leads to more serious addictions in the long-term perspective.

In two years, the number of young adults using vaping cartridges with the flavor of cannabis or nicotine increased more than twice (Pesce para.2).

According to the President of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Matthew Myers, people that become addicted to vapes or e-cigarettes at a young age, grow into heavily smoking adults (Lemons 17).

(Transition: The fact that vapes triggers addiction would not be that important if it were not for the health hazard.)

Vaping is dangerous for health

Blaha informs that all lung fluid samples of people ill with “e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI)” show the presence of vitamin E acetate (par 6.).

From this, it could be inferred that vaping liquids contain chemicals that cause diseases of the respiratory system. Thus, even nicotine-free vapes could have a devastating effect on health.

Another point of concern about vaping is that hitherto remains a lot of doubts about how certain chemicals in liquids affect health (Blaha par. 9). Nevertheless, some studies confirm that vaping leads not only to asthma but also to cardiovascular disease (Blaha par.9).

Therefore, it could be argued that vaping remains an insufficiently studied phenomenon. The absence of a clear understanding of the consequences of vaping, as well as PR campaigns of brands that produce vapes and liquids, give a reason to think that vaping does not affect health. At the same time, the growing number of young people with breathing diseases makes them think that vaping is not as good as it might seem at the first sight.

(Transition: As you can notice, vaping has a significant number of disadvantages that should motivate people either not to try it or give up the habit.)

Summary statement

Vaping is not only addictive but also challenges the well-being of a vaper. In the scientific community, there is no common opinion on the effect of the chemicals that are included in the composition of vaping liquids. Notwithstanding this fact, the example of people diagnosed with EVALI proves that vaping represents a threat and that life would be better without this addiction.

Concluding remarks

Still, it is important to remember that our health and quality of life depend on our own choices. Vapes were not created by nature and human beings survived for centuries without smoking and vaping. I will leave you with the question: if the necessity to vape was not put in our bodies and minds by nature, do we need it?

Works Cited

Blaha, Michael Joseph. “5 Vaping Facts You Need to Know.” Health Conditions and Diseases , 2020. Web.

Lemons, Jane Fullerton. E-Cigarette Dilemma . CQ Press, 2019. Web.

Levin, Dan. “Vaping on Campus: No Parents, No Principals, a Big Problem.” The New York Times , 2019. Web.

Pesce, Nicole Lyn. “These Charts Show the Shocking Number of High School and College Students Who Vape.” Market Watch , 2019. Web.

Need a custom essay sample written from scratch by professional specifically for you?

807 certified writers online

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

IvyPanda. (2023, October 31). Vaping and Its Negative Aspects. https://ivypanda.com/essays/vaping-and-its-negative-aspects/

IvyPanda. (2023, October 31). Vaping and Its Negative Aspects. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/vaping-and-its-negative-aspects/

"Vaping and Its Negative Aspects." IvyPanda , 31 Oct. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/vaping-and-its-negative-aspects/.

1. IvyPanda . "Vaping and Its Negative Aspects." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/vaping-and-its-negative-aspects/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Vaping and Its Negative Aspects." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/vaping-and-its-negative-aspects/.

IvyPanda . 2023. "Vaping and Its Negative Aspects." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/vaping-and-its-negative-aspects/.

IvyPanda . (2023) 'Vaping and Its Negative Aspects'. 31 October.

• Vaping Crisis in Jersey: Pros and Cons
• The Damage of Vaping
• Cannabis as a Probable Cause of Lung Illnesses
• Discussion: Vaping and E-Cigarettes
• Vaping: Negative Effects and Harm Reduction
• E-Cigarettes Structure and Vaping Effects
• Vaping Products Abuse and Health Harms
• The Vaping Ages 13 and Up
• Nicotine Addiction Research and Assessment
• Legalizing Electronic Vaping as the Means of Curbing the Rates of Smoking
• Cultural Competence: Jamaican Heritage
• Public Service Announcement Commercial on Drugs
• Health Disparities Among Minorities in the US
• Consumer Health and Social Media Network in Saudi Arabia
• The African Americans' Reluctance to Get Vaccinated

Write for Us (Vaping Guest Posting)

Write for us: vaping & e-cigs guest posting.

Welcome to Vaporana.com, where you can find guides/resources related to vaping and e-cigarettes.

Write for Us on Vaping & E-Cigarettes

We accept guest posts on our website. You can contribute articles to our vaping and e-cigarettes blog by becoming a guest writer. You can write for us if you are a freelance writer, an internet marketing professional, or work in the vaping and e-cigarettes industry. To write for on our blog related to vape and e-cigarettes, you can choose from many topics related to vaping or e-cigs.

There are many benefits when you write for us. When you write for us on topics such as vape, vaping and e-cigarettes, we will publish your article with links to your blog or website. As we all know, targeted traffic is always better than non-targeted traffic. When we publish your vape guest post, it will be read by our readers, who might be interested in your vaping/e-cigs products or sevices as well.

Write for Us: Guest Posting Guidelines

If you are interested in guest posting on our e-cigs and vaping blog, please read and follow our guest posting guidelines:

• To write for us, your guest posting article must have unique contents, with good English and grammar.
• To write for us, your guest posting article must be relate to vaping, vape or e-cigarettes.
• To write for us, your guest post must be at least 600 words long.

Write for Us: How to Contact Us

If your are interested in writing for us, please contact us to discuss the possibility of guest posting:

Contact Us for Guest Posting

• Vaping and E-Cigarette News
• Write for Us: Vaping & E-Cigarettes
• Appetite Stimulation and Delta 8: How Vaping Can Influence Hunger
• How To Vape Delta 8 THC As A Beginner For First Time?
• CBD Vaping- Is It Better Than Smoking?
• Top Five Reasons To Quit Smoking And Start Vaping In 2021
• CBD On-the-Go: The Future of Disposable Vaping
• 5 Must-Have Vape Accessories When You’re Going on a Week-Long Trip
• The Top Disposable Vape Brands for an Enjoyable Vaping Experience
• Tronian Milatron Review: A Budget-Friendly Hybrid Convection Vaporizer
• Runtz Disposable Vape Pens: Flavorful, Potent, and Convenient Cannabis Experiences
• The Rise of Teen Vaping: Causes and Concerns
• Top Relaxing Vape Liquids: Discover the Best Options for Stress Relief
• Understanding the Difference Between CBD and THC
• Using a THC Vape Pen? Don’t Do These Things
• Traveling With CBD Vape Pens: Tips and Guidelines
• How to Balance Your Habits of Vaping and Smoking Marijuana
• SMOK Novo 5 Review: Compact, High-Performance Vape Pod Kit
• Elf Bar BC5000 Charging Instructions: How to Charge Your Elf Bar Disposable
• Voopoo Drag X Plus Manual (from PDF) and Review
• Voopoo Drag X: Instruction Manual and Troubleshooting Guide
• Can Vaping Cause Depersonalization and Derealization?
• Geekvape Wenax H1 Review: A Compact, Powerful & Responsive Box Mod
• Voopoo Drag Q Review: Features, Pros and Cons of Voopoo Drag Q
• Replaceable Coils vs. Permanent Coils in Vape Pods: Which Is Better?